海峡两岸农业发展政策比较

上世纪八十年代以来我国爆发了农民大规模外出寻找就业机会的"民工潮"现象,论文在系统地分析"民工潮"产生的历史背景与现实原因后,总结归纳了"民工潮"对我国社会经济发展和现代文明传播等方面的重要贡献,最后指出了农民流动管理政策创新的取向.     

西南少数民族妇女外流与传统社会文化

20世纪80年代以来,西南农村的少数民族妇女大量外流。这一现象的产生,除了因经济差距所产生的“推拉力”、“求异心理”和国家的政策外,传统文化对妇女的外流产生了一定的“迫力”。主要表现为在传统社会中,妇女的地位低下,对妇女劳动成就评价较低,女性没有话语权等。当然,社会转型时期的多重价值观,也为妇女选择离开家乡减轻了心理压力,而这一选择也说明了在传统文化下,她们的自我意识开始觉醒。     

Islam and Processes of Minorisation among Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia: Oscillating between Faith and Political Economic Expediency

The main focus of studies on ethnic Chinese in Southeast Asia is generally their business acumen or the extent to which they are assimilated into their respective country of residence. This paper concentrates on a rather different aspect among this ethnic group, namely the influence of Islam amongst the Chinese, especially in Indonesia and Malaysia. This is a topic on which very little research has been done, especially in terms of identity and ethnicity together with processes of integration and assimilation—in relation to both other ethnic Chinese and the local communities in which they are socially imbedded. Because of the deficiency of empirical data, it is imperative that we understand the historical processes that lead up to the present marginalised position of this group of Chinese. As a consequence, the present paper employs a historical approach towards the study of the Chinese Muslims in their respective local communities.     

整村搬迁移民扶贫中存在的问题及对策

为了达到扶助贫困和改善生态环境的目的,需要对贫困地区和生态环境恶劣的地方实行整村搬迁的政策,而在实际操作中存在着搬迁费用高,移民安置缺乏后续扶持,违背移民自愿搬迁的原则,安置移民的潜力有限等问题。针对这些问题,建议加大对移民直接补贴力度,拓展移民生存与发展能力,引导移民自愿搬迁,挖掘资源和转变移民安置方式。     

"Occupation" and the Movement of People within the Japanese Empire: An Exploration of Migration between the Japanese Southern Frontier and Colonial Taiwan, the 1920s−1930s

Abstract:  Although there have been few studies on Yaeyama (the southern end of Ryukyu Archipelago) locals' migration during the pre Asia-Pacific period, a significant number of people went from there to colonial Taiwan, in particular during the 1920s and 1930s. In this paper, I discuss why many locals of Yaeyama worked in colonial Taiwan by analysing narratives of former migrants in autobiographies and my own interview research. First, this paper demonstrates how Yaeyama locals' attitudes to "work" and "occupation" were converted into more modern attitudes between the 1900s and the 1920s. Yaeyama locals often mention there being "no jobs" in their home islands, which justified their decision to go to Taiwan; but the discourse of "unemployment" should not be understood as a mere reflection of Yaeyama's economic condition, but also as a mark of change in people's attitude to the world. Since "work" and "occupation" are not just a matter of economic necessity, it could be said that Yaeyama locals searched for jobs in Taiwan not strictly in terms of economic profitability. Yaeyama locals went to colonial Taiwan, in search of "employment"; this action was closely associated with a financial motive, but it also implies development of self-worth as a social being. Although Yaeyama locals in Taiwan sometimes suffered ethnic discrimination from Japan proper, they were usually treated better than Taiwanese; Colonial Taiwan was an attractive destination to Yaeyama locals not only because Taiwan was more affluent and modernized, but also there were more opportunities for them to achieve social promotion in the context of the Japanese Empire.     

分布式系统的进程迁移

文章分析了计算机系统中数据和计算的迁移以及在分布式系统中引入进程迁移的原因和必要性,重点论述了进程迁移的机制和实现算法,并对进程迁移的协商问题进行了进一步讨论。     

Manufacturing's Roel in Innovation Diffusion and Technological Substitution

Successful innovation management depends upon both, the intrinsic attributes of the new product to be marketed and the firm's internal performance like cost management, timely delivery and quality assurance. The impact of these latter aspects is frequently neglected in the design of models for supporting decision making in innovative firms.A model is outlined to study the market response of different manufacturing policies for innovative goods. It allows e.g. the evaluation of an aggressive strategy with large production capacities from the outset, or a more tentative behavior to. avoid the pressures stemming from high fixed cost and the risks of eventually idle capacity.     

劳动力转移的经济分析

劳动力转移是发展中国家在经济发展与转型中特有的现象,在我国伴随农村剩余劳动力向城市转移形成了不同的利益集团。现从各利益集团之间的矛盾入手,提出不同利益集团之间均衡状态是和谐社会的必要条件。分析农村剩余劳动力向城市转移过程中各个利益集团的利益、目标、手段、能力等特征后,运用利益集团理论建立模型,分析他们之间相互作用的动因、机制并讨论其均衡结果。     

The influence of rural-urban migration on migrants' fertility in Korea,Mexico and Cameroon

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the relationship between rural-urban migration and fertility in Korea, Mexico, and Cameroon. Using an autoregressive model, the results show a significant rural-urban migration adaptation effect in Korea and Mexico, a reduction of 2.57 and 1.45 children during the entire childbearing period, respectively, when compared to a rural stayer, even after the effect of selection has been controlled. Rural-urban migration has a very small impact on fertility in Cameroon. The unexpected result for Cameroon is due to the fact that the fertility-increasing effect of urban residency on the improved supply conditions of births, such as reduced infertility, offsets the fertility-depressing effect of urban residency on the demand for births. As a result of the adaptation to urban fertility norms, the number of country-wide births was reduced significantly in Mexico and Korea over the time periods studied.     

近代中国农民进城的社会史考察

在近代中国,由于帝国主义和封建主义的双重压榨盘剥,天灾频仍,致使农村社会动荡不安,最终导致了大量的破产农民离村进城,成为近代历史上的城市"农民工".由于近代城市发展的有限性,根本无法吸收这些潮涌而至的农民,由此滋生了一系列严重的社会问题.但是,农民进城极大地促进了近代城市化,冲击了封建传统观念.