Sari and Jeans? Indian Women in a US Company: The Impact on Their Lifestyle,Social Role and Self-Perception

Arguing from the interface of Cultural Studies and Political Science, the following article investigates a specific effect of globalization in India: the impact of Indian women’s employment in a US company on their social role and self-perception. On the basis of comprehensive questionnaires and interviews, the study aims to assess possible socio-economic and cultural transformations by examining in detail the women’s work satisfaction, their responses to the influences of a foreign culture, the impact of their employment on their private lives as well as - in reverse - on the corporate culture of the company. The findings should not only be of interest to academics, but also of practical interest to economists and the business world.     

我国政府对跨国公司行为规制初探

政府对跨国公司的规制应体现在产业进入、产品价格、质量和相关配套等规制政策上,以促进东道国政府产业政策与跨国公司发展战略的协调。此外,还应包括如环境、资源以及内部劳动及社会保障规制等问题,以构建完整的跨国公司规制政策框架。     

Identities in transition: the case of emerging market multinational corporations and its response to glocalisation

ABSTRACT

In this article, we critically review the extant literature and develop a conceptual framework for a sophisticated understanding of the multiple levels of influences that shape the nature and extent of ‘organisational identity’, a topical, multi-disciplinary and important area. We contribute by identifying and noting, both, the common theoretical and practical influences that shape an organisation’s identity especially maintaining the focus in relation to emerging market multinationals and its response to glocalisation. Our review and framework also points to the most common explanations that are evident in this cross-disciplinary field and points to the gaps and novel sets of identity influences that are needed to be unbundled and demystified in this arena, as several of these influences exist in practice, though they are not adequately studied through the lenses of organisational identity. We classify areas for future research based on recent contributions to the field and list identified gaps to invite further scholarship in this critical area of study and practice.     

跨国公司内部化理论的发展脉络与扩展——市场、优势内部化与内部混合市场

市场内部化和优势内部化是跨国公司内部化理论的两个主要分支，它们分别关注跨国经营过程中节约交易费用和利用无形资产特有优势的外部收益。近年来由企业跨国联盟、虚拟网络和非股权合作催生出跨国公司合作网络与内部混合市场，这是内部化理论的第三个分支。通过对三个分支理论所反映的企业替代市场、价值增值、合作载体等有关企业本质认识发展的分析，可以理清内部化理论的发展脉络并重构其分析框架。     

从文化差异角度解读跨国公司捐款门事件

在5．12地震发生之后的捐款活动中,一些跨国企业因为反应迟缓饱受舆论诟病;同时,很多中国企业在捐款中的行动受到公众的高度赞扬。对此现象,可以从中西慈善文化差异和中西企业慈善文化及机制的差异分析其深层原因。由于西方慈善文化的影响以及自身公司严格的捐赠运行机制,跨国企业的捐赠相对迟缓,而基于中国慈善文化的影响,中国公众对跨国公司的行为无法接受,因而掀起了舆论狂澜。这次事件应促使跨国公司和中国企业及中国公众思考应如何在全球化的浪潮中更好地应对文化差异。     

Green Purchasing by MNC Subsidiaries: The Role of Local Tailoring in the Presence of Institutional Duality

To examine the essential determinants of green purchasing by multinational corporations’ (MNC) subsidiaries, this study takes institutional theory as a foundation and focuses on the institutional duality associated with localization and globalization. Specifically, we develop a model to explain subsidiaries’ green purchasing and empirically test the model with data from 141 purchasing managers and senior purchasing staff members from subsidiaries in 39 countries. Our results suggest that pressures from headquarters and the local environment do not affect subsidiaries’ green purchasing directly; rather, they exert indirect influences through local tailoring. This study contributes to extant literature by revealing the significance of local tailoring in an MNC context. In addition, our findings offer several implications for practice by providing a roadmap for disseminating green purchasing across the subsidiaries of an MNC, as well as highlighting the importance of both clear communication about the benefits of green purchasing and internal audits.     

Managing “forced” technology transfer in emerging markets: The case of China

This paper explores how foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) manage risks associated with “forced” technology transfer (“FTT”) policies in emerging markets. Although MNCs are increasingly exposed to appropriability risks from these policies, how they respond is relatively understudied in international business (IB) research. We explore this topic based upon a survey and interviews with Western MNCs doing business in China, as well as a discussion about the recent US-China trade war. We find that, as traditional IB theory would predict, internally-oriented strategies (e.g., internalization, maintenance of informal intellectual property (IP), and control of technological centrality and sophistication) are often used to respond to FTT policies; however, the risks from such policies can sometimes be more efficiently managed by externally-oriented strategies (e.g., non-market activities and reliance on formal IP). We discuss how the co-evolution of MNCs' risk management strategies alongside changing value chains, IP institutions, and conditions determining the leverage of FTT policies appear to contribute to this phenomenon. We argue that IB research should more prominently recognize the role of externally-oriented strategies, not only internally-oriented ones, in managing the complex IP-related institutional challenges present in emerging markets today.     

产品标准化战略模型及其实证检验--以60家"世界500强"在华跨国公司的实证检验为例

产品标准化战略作为跨国公司全球营销战略重要的经营模式,一直以来,在理论和实践方面都受到跨国公司的普遍关注,在全球营销战略领域表现出极强的实践性.但是,迄今为止,尚缺乏一个对理论和实践均具有指导意义的产品标准化战略的综合模型.本研究在继承、发展以往学者有关产品标准化战略的零散研究基础上,对产品标准化战略的内涵和影响该战略的内外部因素进行了深入、系统的梳理、归纳和提炼,构建了"产品标准化战略理论模型",并对60家"世界500强"在华跨国公司的调研数据进行了实证检验,丰富和发展了全球营销战略理论.