New Agendas and New Patterns of International NGO Political Action

International advocacy strategies devised for the political environment in which World Bank policy is decided are often not suitable for advocacy on broader financial policy and trade issues. Advocacy in these new agendas challenges prevailing models, which depict NGOs as mobilizing powerful governments and international organizations to influence a government's behavior. The patterns of international NGO political activity are diverse, sometimes restraining the power of international rules and authorities over individual governments, and require a new or broader model     

A Critical View on the Role of NGOs in Systemic Capacity Building: Insights from Projects for Promoting Access to Water and Self-sufficiency in Food Production in Northern Ghana

The paper takes the example of Northern Ghana with its inadequate provision of basic social infrastructure for exploring the ability of NGOs to provide effective capacity building. It examines if NGOs have sufficient understanding and knowledge for operations and if their philosophy and objectives are enough to enable judgment and lasting successes. Weaknesses and strengths of NGOs are investigated as they still are indispensable organizations for developing backward areas, especially for fostering sustainable rural community development. It is shown that the theoretical framework of ‘landscape development' applies best to analyse how the many simultaneous transformations occur in this context and how they connect. A succinct impact study is exhibited in the paper to demonstrate how some of these effects come about. The survey regards World Vision, an international NGO that has been active in Ghana for a long time.     

包容性创新过程中企业和贫困群体之间“结构洞”的产生与跨越

包容性创新需要企业与贫困群体建立起一定的市场经济关系。然而,他们所面临的环境缺乏支撑市场机制有效运行的制度安排和基本条件,创新活动的开展更多建立在社会关系基础之上。由于企业与贫困群体之间的社会网络极其松散,呈现出一种弱关系,在此情景下产生了“结构洞”,即信息非对称性配置及渠道障碍下的“信息洞”、资金匮乏及知识技能不足导致的“资源洞”以及制度安排和基本条件缺失下的“市场洞”。为跨越“结构洞”,引入第三方——非政府组织（Non-Governmental Organization,英文缩写NGO）来为企业与贫困群体搭桥,从而实现两者间信息资源的流动、社会网络的耦合以及信任关系的建立。     

Influence of gender self-schema and type of service-oriented NGOs on volunteering activity / Influencia del autoesquema de género y del tipo de servicios de las ONG en las actividades de voluntariado

The feminization of service-oriented NGOs on volunteering needs to consider gender differences when exploring the system of volunteer motivations. This study examines the relationship of these motivations with gender self-schema and type of service-oriented NGOs. For this purpose, 160 volunteers from 21 Spanish NGOs completed a questionnaire. The results show that, once the effect of time spent volunteering was removed, there was a significant effect of gender self-schema in relation to motivation and there was a significant interaction effect between gender self-schema and type of NGO. Specifically, masculine volunteers were less motivated than feminine, androgynous and undifferentiated persons. Also, masculine people working with the elderly were the least motivated volunteers and androgynous people working in service-oriented NGOs dedicated to children and adolescents were the most motivated individuals. The results indicate the relevance of androgyny in understanding volunteering, as well as the importance of promoting non-sexist educational proposals to increase men’s participation in these activities.     

政府扶贫与NGO扶贫的比较

文章对政府与NGO非政府组织在扶贫领域的行为进行了比较,分析了政府与NGO各自的优劣势以及相互合作的基础,找到了政府与NGO合作实施扶贫的模式,为中国扶贫事业的发展提供一定的理论依据。     

社会资本理论对提高政府绩效管理水平的启示

从社会资本理论视角考察政府绩效管理是理论界较少涉足的议题。社会资本理论所倡导的参与、合作、信任、互惠等理念与政府绩效管理存在着结构上的一致性。开展政府绩效管理,积极发挥公民的社会资本存量,有助于提高政府绩效管理的制度化水平,有助于提高政府绩效评估主体素质,有助于塑造正确的政府绩效评估导向,有助于非政府组织承担部分公共责任。因此,大力培育公民社会资本存量,构建公民与政府间的社会资本关系网络,可以有效提高政府绩效管理水平。     

中国非政府组织与政府合作的法治分析

首先从理论层面对法治同非政府组织与政府合作关系进行了阐述,认为法治产生和发展的根基在于国家与社会的关系,国家与社会关系的变化必将引起现有的法律制度及法治观念的变革,即需要法治秩序的变革。其次从实践层面考察分析得出,合作的现实中面临着诸多问题,其中法治环境的不足最为突出,对法制变革的诉求最为强烈。     

NGO Behavior and Development Discourse: Cases From Western India

This paper examines the effects of shifts in development discourse on the behavior of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). Drawing upon detailed case histories of two well-established NGOs in western India, it is demonstrated that (1) the case NGOs have been profoundly influenced by discourses prevailing during their initial, formative stages; (2) NGO behavior is subject to changes in global development discourses that are transmitted to them via a range of mechanisms including consultants, conditions of funding, and reporting requirements; and (3) these NGOs have been able to challenge and adapt certain discourses to suit their own needs and circumstances, sometimes even sparking wider structural change.     

从结构论争到行动分析：海外中国NGO研究述评

当代中国NGO的发展一直是海外学者高度关注的话题,由于其复杂性与多样性,海外中国研究学者对改革开放后中国NGO的发展及其日益扩展的影响有着不同的理解,也引发了激烈的学术争论。本文运用文献研究方法,将海外学者的研究归纳为依托公民社会与统合主义理论的结构研究与关注NGO行为的行动研究,力图展现改革开放以来海外学者研究中国NGO的整体图式。 本文认为,“结构研究”基于 “国家-社会”的二元分离,在一国的政治与权力配置层面上思考问题,侧重于国家与社会之间的权力分配状态;“行动研究”则试图在中观和微观层面来洞察与把握国家与社会之间相互交融的机制、策略与路径,倡导关注NGO的行动。这两者之间存在明显的互补性。     

城市治理分析

本文首先界定了治理和城市治理的内涵 ;接着分析了城市治理的几种模式 ;最后指出中国城市治理应主要解决三大问题 :改革中国城市政府、建立高效的城市公共管理机制 ,建立和发挥非政府组织的作用 ,处理城市间的竞争与合作的关系