我国集体化时期农村医疗卫生制度研究述评

本文综述了国内外学术界对我国集体化时期农村医疗卫生制度的研究概况。介绍了集体化时期农村医疗卫生制度的历史资料、出版著作以及学术论文,分析和总结了我国农村合作医疗制度的变迁、合作医疗制度评析、赤脚医生的研究、传统合作医疗制度与新型合作医疗制度的比较研究、对合作医疗制度本身的研究、医疗政策研究等问题,指出了集体化时期农村医疗卫生制度研究的方向。     

近10年民国电影研究综述

近10年是民国电影研究加速发展的时期。左翼电影和抗战电影是电影创作研究的重点,许多学者对这一时期电影理论进行了探索,民国电影的外来因素影响、电影与电化教育的关系及电影检查制度研究也取得了一定的成果;但一些专题研究存在不足,史料建设和研究方法有待完善。     

Defining and Understanding Grey Literature

Abstract

The Internet has dramatically altered how grey literature is defined. The importance, the availability, the access, and the types of grey literature have significantly increased since the days of keeping pamphlets and newspaper clippings in a vertical file. Deciding if a resource is commercially published or grey literature has become more complex and requires judgment. Knowledge of a field of study is helpful in knowing where to find or to gain insight about grey literature. For the author of this column and its readers, the resources cited by authors writing articles and columns for volumes 42 and 43 of Serials Review, published in 2016 and 2017, could be called a convenience sample. The references include data that are easily accessed and includes many resources that are developed by people, governmental agencies, and associations familiar to those working in this area of librarianship.     

人口城市化空间路径的理论与研究及其启示

城市化的实践进程表明,一个国家的人口城市化往往遵循"城市化—郊区化—逆城市化—再城市化"或者"大城市—中等城市—小城市"的空间路径而展开。文章对"空间循环假说"、ROXY指数方法、"区域城市化"概念以及"差别城市化理论"等人口城市化空间路径理论的演绎进行了梳理,并对国内外相关研究进行了总结。结合中国人口城市化进程特点,文章认为,人口城市化空间路径理论与研究对中国城市化的道路模式、区域规划以及都市圈与城市群区域人口城市化问题的研究有启示作用。     

立足现实·展望愿景·寻求突破——“上海困境儿童保护研讨会”综述

在困境儿童伤害事故频发之际,上海社会科学院青少年研究所等机构联合召开国内首次以困境儿童命名的"上海困境儿童保护"研讨会,深入探讨上海困境儿童现状、既有政府保障措施和当前儿童保护法存在的弊端,展望困境儿童保护的未来愿景,包括履行国家责任、制定儿童福利法和成立儿童局等,力图寻求上海在困境儿童保护中可能的突破口,如以地方性政策和项目推进立法、完善家庭政策,建立社区家庭服务中心以及推进社会管理,发挥社会组织功能等。     

韩国学者韩国辞赋研究述评

作为中国的传统文体在域外发展的支流,韩国辞赋作品是汉学研究的“新材料”之一,了解和借鉴韩国学者研究韩国辞赋的成果,有助于深入研究韩国辞赋乃至东亚汉文学。韩国学者不仅全面关照韩国辞赋并梳理其发展脉络,也尝试就某一角度,如属于主题范畴的“和陶辞”、属于形式范畴的“科举赋”等予以历时性考察,梳理其发展脉络,而且重视对一些重要的赋家赋作的个案研究。然而相对辞赋作品之数量而言,相关研究还远不够深广,须不断开垦和经营。     

2000年以来甘青地区藏传佛教研究综述

自新世纪以来,甘青地区藏传佛教的研究,在佛教传播发展与民族文化关系、教派及经典、寺院建制、僧传人物、实地调查与文献译介等方面都取得了丰赡的成果。本文对这一阶段的研究状况作一回顾和简要评述。     

A Qualitative Study of Non-Affiliated,Non-Scientist Institutional Review Board Members

In addition to outlining criteria for the approval of human subjects research, federal regulations provide guidance regarding local institutional review board (IRB) membership. IRBs are mandated to include “at least one member whose primary concerns are in nonscientific areas” and “at least one member who is not otherwise affiliated with the institution.” Often a single individual serves both of these roles simultaneously. Although there have been calls for increased representation of lay community members on IRBs, little is known regarding their experiences or their perceptions of human subject protections and the IRB process. Using an ethnographic interview approach, this study seeks to gain a perspective from non-affiliated, non-scientist (NA/NS) IRB members about the process in which they participate. Findings suggest a need for clarification regarding whom NA/NS IRB members represent. They also suggest that NA/NS IRB members’ experiences could be improved by an increased show of respect from the IRB chair, other members, and staff; efforts to make participation more convenient for these volunteer members; and training tailored specifically to NA/NS members. Further research on this important and understudied topic is needed to determine best practice and policy recommendations.     

Risk Assessment as a Paradox: When Actions of an IRB Become Incompatible with Ethical Principles

As anecdotal evidence mounts up of Institutional Review Boards becoming an impediment to research, I share a personal experience in this article to argue how the conduct of an Institutional Review Board was incompatible with a number of ethical principles such as Respect for Persons, Deception, Informed Consent, and Justice. I conclude by promoting Evidence-Based Ethical Problem Solving to facilitate and enhance risk assessments through empirical evidence.     

EPA's 2006 Human-Subjects Rule for Pesticide Experiments

Arguing that the 2006 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) human-subjects rule allows use of unethical third-party research (on pregnant women and children) in setting pesticide regulations, this article first (a) provides a brief history of U.S. pesticide regulation, particularly regarding childhood safety. Next it (b) outlines ethical and scientific loopholes in the 2006 EPA rule; (c) shows how the Human Subjects Review Board, mandated by the 2006 rule, has been implemented in flawed ways; and (d) illustrates that one source of problems with the rule may be influence by those with conflicts of interest.