Food security, consumption diversification and foreign exchange balances in Indonesia: Results from a multi-commodity simulation

Many countries adopt economic development strategies, within which an important element is the maintenance of low and stable food prices. In Indonesia, this is achieved principally through government subsidies to consumers of imported rice, the total cost of which fluctuates considerably from year to year, depending on world price movements and domestic production performance. Higher and possibly less stable domestic food prices appear inevitable in Indonesia, however, as the spectre of reduced oil revenues increases the government's concern with the cost of its food policy. Results from a stochastic simulation model of the agricultural sector show that the food price risk to which consumers and producers would be exposed in the absence of the stabilizing component of Indonesia's food policy would be considerable, rendering this component an unlikely area for significant change. A viable policy option appears to be the continuance of rice and wheat price stabilization, but with a graduated increase in the relative price of rice, reaching a total of 10% by 1985. Such a policy could result in net self-sufficiency in foreign exchange from staple food trade by 1990 and an improvement in aggregate economic surplus, although the expected decade improvement in food-energy consumption per capita would fall from 10% to 8%.     

新西兰与中国语言政策对比研究及启示

新西兰与中国的国家体制、民族社会语言状况、历史背景有所不同。因此,两国政府在不同历史时期采用不同的语言政策。新西兰征服土著居民毛利人之后,曾经对毛利人实行民族同化政策。此后,政府改用一体化政策,目的在于使英国人的语言文化与毛利人的语言文化相结合。中国政府根据自己的国情,帮助尚无文字的少数民族创立文字,帮助文字尚不完备的少数民族逐渐充实其文字,并且推广普通话。从社会语言学的观点来看,两国政府采用不同的语言政策对国家的稳定起着非常重要的作用。     

FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE: AUSTRO-MARXISM AND CULTURAL STUDIES

The political theory and practice of Austro-Marxism provided an understanding of culture as an area of political conflict and as a class-based way of life. As a cultural and educational movement, Austro-Marxism defined the framework for transdisciplinary extramural cultural studies. An Austro-Marxist cluster defined by a number of scholars associated by political orientation and an alternative form of academic institutionalization emerged in interwar Vienna. This cluster disagreed with the paternalistic claim of leading representatives of the SDAP. Nevertheless, the SDAP defined the pluralistic framework for the formation of Austrian cultural studies. Socialist-oriented scholars such as Otto Neurath, Edgar Zilsel, Paul Lazarsfeld and Marie Jahoda developed a materialistic idea of culture focused on the social conditions of cultural practices. Furthermore, they provided a profound understanding of mass culture and popular culture.     

简论郭沫若与蜀学传统(上)

文章描述了蜀学发展的基本线索,自西汉始是指儒学在蜀地的传播,北宋以"苏学"为代表形成学术特色,晚清成为经学研究的中心,"重文史"和"崇实学"是两大鲜明特征。在此基础上,结合郭沫若的所受教育、性格养成、思维方式等,分析了蜀学文化传统对郭氏的深刻影响。     

An ‘action‐poor’ human rights education: a critical review of the development of human rights education in the context of civic education in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, human rights education (HRE) is considered an aspect of civic education. For decades, HRE has been poorly attended. In 2009, a new compulsory subject, Liberal Studies, where HRE can be infused, will be introduced to senior secondary students (15–18 years old). This article reviews the development of HRE within civic education, followed by the analysis of Liberal Studies documents with reference to international human rights documents. It is concluded that Liberal Studies can be used as a vehicle for HRE. The aims and pedagogy proposed are similar to those adopted by HRE. International standards of human rights can be incorporated in the content. However, the HRE derived from Liberal Studies is a form of ‘action‐poor HRE’. Whether this ‘action‐ poor HRE’ can adequately cultivate a universal human rights culture is an issue for further research.     

“创造性叛逆”对描述翻译研究的肯定和背离

随着国际译学界“文化转向”的发生,翻译研究突破了传统的以原著为中心,以文本对照和语言分析为主要任务的规范式研究方法,而将翻译置入特定的文化语境下,从宏观的角度研究译作的社会、历史、文化背景,以及对目的语文化的影响,即描述翻译研究范式。“创造性叛逆”便是顺应这一研究导向,由我国著名比较文学学者谢天振教授最先引进的极富学术价值的研究命题。作为描述翻译研究膝下的产儿,创造性叛逆是如何与描述翻译研究保持和谐一致,又有哪些自身特点暴露了描述翻译研究的缺陷和不足呢？本文以此为突破口,展开分析。     

训诂学与俗文化研究

郭在贻提出研究俗语词为训诂学开辟了一个新领域,但对现在的俗语词没有提及.训诂学不应局限在俗语词方面,还应扩大到俗文化范围,从研究古书走向俗文化研究,对人们喜闻乐见的俗文化现象进行研究,揭示其所以然及俗误.训诂学对周易预测算命、取名、方俗语研究、英语教学、新词揭源、地方文化研究及数字化电子文献的整理校勘等都有重要作用.     

宽阔视野中的鲁迅研究--读刘正强教授《管窥蠡测录》

《管窥蠡测录》是刘正强教授一生学术研究的总结。书中的大部分篇章是研究鲁迅的成果,这些成果显示出作者深厚的学养、宽阔的视野和深刻的思想,决定了作者作为鲁迅研究之一家的地位。刘正强教授获得成功的秘诀是运用政治、美学和哲学思想研究鲁迅。     

Pleas,priors, and prison: Racial/ethnic differences in sentencing

Final case disposition and sentencing decisions for whites, blacks, and Chicanos are modeled with event-history data from the State of California. Dynamic analyses are used to link processing models and theories. The three-way interaction of (1) pleading guilty × (2) racial/ethnic group membership × (3) the extent of prior court experience on rates of moving through the legal system is assessed, controlling for other legitimate and nonlegitimate influences. In a jurisdiction handling large numbers of defendants representing diverse racial/ethnic and cultural groups under determinate sentencing, the timing of legal processing is shown to be critical. Results demonstrate that pleading guilty increases the speed of processing most when sentences do not involve incarceration, though this effect is not found for second or later arrests of Chicanos. Generally, theories of resource mobilization receive greater support than cultural stereotyping.     

从“传统”到“现代”:汉学形态的历史演进

汉学是以中国文化为原料,经过异质文化的智慧加工而形成的一种文化,它既是外国化了的中国文化,又是中国化了的外国文化。在汉学发展史上,传统汉学(Sinology)和现代汉学(Chinesestudies)是两种汉学形态:传统汉学从18世纪起以法国为中心,崇尚于中国古代文献和文化经典研究,侧重于哲学、宗教、历史、文学、语言等人文学科的探讨;而现代汉学则兴显于美国,以现实为中心,以实用为原则,侧重于社会科学研究,包括政治、社会、经济、科学技术、军事、教育等一切领域,重视正在演进、发展着的信息资源。以上这两种汉学形态既在演进中不断丰富发展着自己,又在日趋融合中创造着能够融通两种模式的汉学形态,这就是21世纪汉学发展的前景。