西方国家环境难民的争议与弥合路径解读

在环境变化与人口迁移的研究中,环境难民这一概念饱受争议。争议的焦点主要集中在迁移动因的识别、是否存在环境难民、环境难民能否纳入难民的范畴三个方面。导致环境难民概念分歧的原因在于移民跨学科研究进展缓慢和不同的利益相关者从自身的角度对环境难民进行建构。为了弥合环境难民存在的争议,学者采取了将环境变化引起的跨国被迫迁移人口视为环境难民;根据移民动机和救援紧迫性识别环境难民;采取“自愿—强制”二分法将环境难民纳入非自愿移民的范畴;维持现状与加强合作等四条路径。本文结合我国环境相关移民实践认为：扩大环境难民的范畴不利于问题的解决。环境难民不能囊括那些既定类型和约定俗成的移民类型;不能将非自愿移民等同于难民;概念界定本身无法解决身份识别。在实践中,需要从环境变化的影响识别需要救援的迁移人口;以集体身份划定环境难民范畴;履行政府的职责,最大程度上较少跨国环境难民;对不同环境变化影响的人口采取不同的迁移手段;整合资源进行合作以更好地安置移民。     

成都市在城农民现状调查与分析

通过分析2000年7月进行的"成都市在城农民现状"问卷调查,初步描述了在城农民中两大基本群体雇佣就业者和自营就业者的进城原因和途径、职业活动、社会生活、特殊进遇等方面,指出这一社会边缘群体难以融入城市社会的根本原因在于户口制度及附着于其上的各种制度所造成的城乡二元社会结构的制度惯性.     

城乡一体化下的城镇新市民就业难点与破解思路

从文化、经济和社会的多个角度,阐述了在城乡一体化背景下,由农民演化而来的城镇新市民在职业变更过程中的就业难点、成因和政府工作应对思路。     

穆罕默德·喀什噶里在历史语言学上的两个贡献——纪念穆罕默德·喀什噶里诞辰1000周年

穆罕默德.喀什噶里在《突厥语大词典》中比19世纪的历史比较语言学家更早地讨论了方言或亲属语言间的语音对应现象,并讨论了双语现象和双语干扰问题,注意到语言接触也会产生语音对应的现象,因此没有把对应现象当作确定同源的惟一标准。他的同源判定依赖了文化和民族方面的证据。     

女性流动人口的社会保障——基于广州市2005年人口抽样调查数据的分析

本文使用广州市2005年1％人口抽样调查数据,研究女性流动人口参加养老保险的状况.分析发现不同户口性质的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例低于同类型的男性人口.不同流动原因的女性流动人口参加养老保险的比例差异较大.离开户口登记地时间越长的、受教育程度越高的、签订劳动合同的、已婚的女性流动人口参加养老保险的可能性更大,单位类型对其参保也有显著但复杂的影响.文章认为需要从制度、市场和文化的角度继续展开研究讨论.     

Recurrence,eruptions, and a transnational turn: Three decades of strained relations between migrants to Norway and the Child Welfare Services

The relations between the Norwegian Child Welfare Services (CWS) and various migrant groups are notably strained. Numerous media accounts and a growing body of research reveal that many migrants to Norway fear the CWS. By combining quantitative and qualitative analyses of media accounts, this paper addresses the historical evolvement of such strained relations in Norway. Previous research has neglected this aspect. Findings show that migration issues related to the CWS have been topics of public debate in Norway for three decades, with foster care being a particularly intractable concern. With the onset of the decade beginning in 2010, however, matters have intensified and taken on transnational dimensions. In the discussion of our findings, we emphasize in particular how digital and social media have contributed to the recent changes.     

Conceptualising Euro-Islam: managing the societal demand for religious reform

Political, public and academic debates about the need for a ‘Euro-Islam’ as a necessary condition for the full integration of Muslim are widespread and strong. For Muslims and Muslim organisations in particular, Euro-Islam can be understood as subverting the very nature of their religious identity, making change or reform impossible. This raises the question as to how Muslim organisations reject the idea of the need for a Euro-Islam by construing the core of their faith as not being contradictory with Western values, norms and beliefs. The current study examines this question amongst two major Turkish Muslim organisations (Milli Görü? and Fethullah Gülen) in the Netherlands and Germany. The analysis shows that in managing the demand for reform a distinction was made between Islam as a belief system and Muslims as a group of people, between religion and culture as two types of belief systems and between politics and the true nature of the West.     

流动人口社会保险参与状况的地区差异分析——基于2011年全国32个省级单位的流动人口问卷调查

为了促进各地区流动人口社会保险参与状况平衡发展,本文运用国家人口计生委于2011年7月在全国32个省级单位开展的流动人口问卷调查数据,对流动人口的社会保险参与状况进行地区归类和差异分析。结果显示,32个地区流动人口的社会保险可归结为高参与、中参与、低参与三种类别。低参与地区涵盖了大部分西部和中部省份,中参与地区涵盖了一半的东部省份和1/3的中部省份,而高参与地区涵盖了另一半较为发达的东部省份和2个条件较好的西部省份。结合地区差异分析结果可知,相较而言,东部地区的社会保险参与状况较好,其次为中部,而西部较差。进一步从流动人口的相关特征来看,社会保险参与状况的地区差异与各类地区流动人口的社会基本情况、流动过程、家庭状况和就业特征等方面存在依存关系。     

Repetitive Visiting as a Pre‐return Transnational Strategy among Youthful Trinidadian Returnees

Abstract

This paper will develop and illustrate a concept of institutional viscosity to balance the more agentive concept of motility with a theoretical account of structural conditions. The argument articulates with two bodies of work: broad social theory of reflexivity as negotiating agency and social structures; and sociology of mobility and mobility systems . It then illustrates the concept of viscosity as a variable (low to high viscosity) through two empirical studies conducted in the sociology of education that help demonstrate how degrees of viscosity interact with degrees of motility, and how this interaction can impact on motility over time. The first study explored how Australian Defence Force families cope with their children’s disrupted education given frequent forced relocations. The other study explored how middle class professionals relate to career and educational opportunities in rural and remote Queensland. These two life conditions have produced very different institutional practices to make relocations thinkable and doable, by variously constraining or enabling mobility. In turn, the degrees of viscosity mobile individuals meet with over time can erode or elevate their motility.     

Differences in occupation between ancestry subgroups of Asian birthplace groups in Australia

Asia‐born migrants form a majority of Australia's immigrants. Most of the larger Asian birthplace groups are ethnically heterogeneous. However, the literature on the occupations of migrants in Australia has tended to overlook the diversity within individual migrant groups. Using 2011 census data, this study details for the first time the significant variation in the occupational distributions between ancestry subgroups of the 10 largest Asian birthplace groups in Australia. A majority of the birthplace and ancestry groups have higher overall occupational status scores than the Australia‐born. The European and Australian ancestry subgroups are more likely to be managers, while the Chinese and Indian ancestry groups are more likely to be in particular professional occupations and to have higher overall occupational status than other ancestry groups from the same birthplace. In other ancestry subgroups such as Punjabi and Sikh ancestry India‐born, high proportions of migrants are in low‐skilled occupations, indicating wastage of skills.