Policy responses to external shocks in sub-Saharan African countries

The author analyzes the experience of sub-Saharan African countries with external shocks in the form of the deterioration of the terms of trade and the world recession between 1973 and 1978, with distinction made between low-income and middle-income countries. Adjustment to external shocks in low-income sub-Saharan African countries took largely the form of reductions in imports through lower rates of economic growth and lower income elasticity of import demand while these countries lost export market shares. Losses in export market shares were smaller in the middle-income countries and in the entire group, export performance was positively correlated with the rate of economic growth.     

谁是战胜日本军国主义的决定性力量？

在战胜日本军国主义的过程中,中国战场和太平洋战争究竟孰轻孰重,一直是中外＂二战＂史学界热烈讨论的问题。依照军事史研究的自身规律,理性审视这一易带民族情感色彩的话题,美国对日作战的首要贡献应给予客观的评价。其论据主要有四：美国的参战根本改变了对日作战的力量对比;美军消灭了日本武装力量的主力;美军的海空攻击严重摧毁了日本国力;美国主导了战胜日本的法律和外交进程。     

加入世贸组织后沙特阿拉伯的政府管理

加入世贸组织是沙特的战略选择。在带来发展机遇的同时,世贸组织的规则也对沙特的政府管理提出了根本性挑战。特殊的国情和发展经历使沙特的政府管理正处于转型时期,其行政体制、法律体系、管理理念以及公务员队伍都与世贸规则的要求存在一定差距,经过近些年的改革和调整,沙特已在一些方面取得了进展,但存在的问题仍不容忽视。     

WEB PAGES, AUTHORS AND AUDIENCES: The meaning of a mouse click

One popular framework for analysing web pages has been to think of them as identity performances on the part of the author. This framework opens up possibilities for analysis of the ways in which identity performances are composed. The personal web pages to which this perspective is most immediately applicable, are, however, now only a small proportion of the overall amount of information available on the World Wide Web. It would be possible, by extension, to analyse institutional web pages as performances of the institutional identity. It is the contention of this paper that to do so is to miss out on some important aspects of web page design: namely that the production of a web page involves understandings not only of the audience for the page but also of the capacities of the technology. In addition, web page production has to become a socially meaningful act for the individual web page developer and the institution concerned. It is, therefore, argued that the analysis of web pages can usefully learn from media studies and the sociology of technology in this respect. An interview-based study of the developers of web pages for the service departments of a UK university is described. The ideas of audience which the authors use are far from homogeneous: they include an institutional offline audience for the page, a pre-existing imagined audience, developers themselves as audience, and the technology of the browser as a stand-in audience. The audience and the capacities of the technology are developed in context through the practices of designers.     

21世纪世界遗产保护面临的挑战

本文论述了“世界遗产公约”缔结 30周年后 ,遗产保护所面临的问题与挑战 ,从可持续发展、文化多样性、无形遗产保护、公众意识与地方性保护等方面阐述了 2 1世纪世界遗产保护的发展方向。     

论教育对二战后日本经济崛起的促进作用

二战后,日本经济已濒临崩溃的边缘,但不到30年,就以惊人的速度迅速崛起,成为经济大国,其中很重要的一个原因就是教育为国家培养了一大批经济发展所需要的优秀人才.     

二战时期的中美友谊

二战时期反对共同的敌人,是中美友谊关系的基础。太平洋战争爆发后,中美两国共同抗击法西斯势力,成了一条战壕的战友,以血肉凝成的中美两国人民的友谊迅速升华。对于美国支持的中国抗战,中共也曾表示感谢。史迪威、陈纳德是二战时期中美友谊的体现者和历史见证人。     

《搜神记》《世说新语》中的选择问句

本文考察《搜神记》《世说新语》中选择问句的格式、形式特征及在句意表达上的特点。通过对两书中这类问句的描写,从一侧面揭示出选择问句在中古汉语前期发展变化的一些情况。     

邓小平的地缘战略理论

邓小平的地缘战略理论以宽阔的世界眼光和务实的创新精神努力改善和运用周边环境,围绕双边焦点和热点问题处理大国关系,用和平共处五项原则统揽全局,为中国赢得有利的安全环境和发展环境。     

《101/2章世界史》中的反讽艺术

《10 1/2章世界史》是英国当代作家朱利安.巴恩斯的代表作之一。作者以《圣经》中的诺亚方舟为基本意象,敷衍出10 1/2章故事,同时以反讽的姿态重新审视神话传说和历史事件,在有限的篇幅内展现出了一幅独特的人类历史画卷。