神与物游：从老庄到刘勰

"神与物游"的源头在老庄哲学。老庄对"道"的终极追求是"神与物游"的思想基础。刘勰从创作论的角度对"神与物游"作出了创造性的阐释,使意象创造理论开始趋于完备,从而为意境理论的诞生铺平了道路。     

Helping Older People in Residential Care Remain Full Citizens

New Labour’s project of modernization has involved thepromotion of interlocking ideas about active citizenship andnew modes of democratic engagement combining to produce whathas described as ‘participative governance’. Concernsabout legitimacy, a ‘democratic deficit’ and theneed to shift power and responsibility to the ‘citizen’have led to the emergence of a range of new deliberative foraand democratic processes. This has led to debates about howto ensure that social diversity can be represented in the decision-makingprocess. A challenge has been how to engage with the issuesof an ageing population and represent older people in all theirdiversity. In recent years, there have been growing calls toextend advocacy rights to older people living in residentialcare. Mostly, this has been to ensure that as consumers, theyhave a fuller say in how their service is run. Older care homeresidents are service users but, as persons, should not be reducedto this role only; they are also citizens in the broadest senseand should not be cut adrift from debates at the national, localand community levels on issues that concern them. This paperexamines how the moves to bring older people into deliberativedemocratic processes have tended to focus on those in their‘Third Age’. Those in institutional settings, beingin the ‘Fourth Age’, occupy a much more marginalposition. This effective disenfranchisement is yet another reasonwhy, for many, the move into residential care—a difficulttransition for a variety of reasons—becomes regarded asthe ‘last refuge’. It contributes to the sense ofloss of identity, lowering of self-esteem and a reduced senseof personhood. This article accepts that there should be moreeffective involvement of care home residents in decision makingabout their personal care. However, there are dangers in adoptinga too narrowly consumerist approach. This can reinforce a reductionistview of care home residents simply as ‘service users’—aform of ‘othering’ in itself. As citizens and membersof a wider community, they should be included in consultationsabout any community and wider political debates that affectthem. Such a proposal implies a widening and deepening of advocacyservices available to this group. As most older people in residentialcare are there following the intervention of a social care professional,then ensuring that they have access to advocacy must surelybe a key task. This paper argues that this is frustrated bythe lack of suitable services. Without a significant investmentby the Government in independent advocacy services, not onlyis the social work task with one of social care’s coreclient groups rendered impossible, but the Government cannotdeliver on its own agenda of empowerment, active citizenshipand inclusion.     

尔苏语言文字与尔苏人的族群认同

尔苏人虽然使用同一种语言,却存在两种族群认同表现。其中部分尔苏人认同国家把他们划入藏族,另一部分人认为尔苏人与藏族的差异较大,要求被承认为一个单一民族。从语言文字的角度来看,这两种认同表现除了用尔苏语与藏语的特征之外,还用尔苏人的沙巴图画文字和藏文经书来强调和支持各自的观点。语言文字作为一个族群的重要文化内容,在尔苏人当中直接影响了族群认同的抉择。本文从人类学族群理论建构论的角度对这种族群认同分歧现象进行了分析。     

论金世宗以“宽仁”治国的思想（下）

金世宗是中国北方历史上少数民族统治集团中较为开明、较为远见的政治家。他借鉴了中国历代帝王的治国经验,汲取海陵王暴政的深刻教训,形成了以"宽仁"治国思想。这一治国思想主要表现在:崇尚儒学,礼法结合;劝农力田,与民休息;整饬吏治,赏罚信明;任人唯贤,德才并重;广开言路,虚怀纳谏;南北融合,兼容并蓄:一方面仰慕汉文化,主动汲取;另一方面,保留女真文化传统;提倡节俭,力戒奢靡。在他的治国思想指导下,适应当时金代社会政治、经济、文化发展的需要,进行了多方面的调整和改革,并取得了显著的成效。     

壮族铜鼓文化的复兴及其对保护民族民间文化的启示

铜鼓文化是壮族人民主要的传统文化形态.铜鼓文化在新时代的复兴是壮族人民在物质生活水平提高后精神风貌的映射,是民族文化建设和社会主义精神文明建设的有机组成部分,在民族民间文化的传承与保护方面很有借鉴意义.     

Older People and Permanent Care: Whose Decision?

This paper looks at decision making when older people enterpermanent care, and focuses on power issues. The recent pastis reviewed and related to aspects of the current picture. Dementiaand capacity are a specific focus. The complexities of the workfor practitioners, together with their sometimes difficult workingenvironments, engender a climate which can be counter productiveto protecting the self-determination of older people.     

清人的饮食风俗

清人的饮食风俗,是清代社会生活风俗体系的基本“元素”与重要构成部分,而清人的饮食结构与方式、百姓的饮食生活、它们的发展与演变,既是体现各历史时期物质与精神文明程度的重要标志,更是展示清人社会生活风貌演进变革历程与轨迹的活“窗口”。     

树立"以人为本"的广义政治观

广义政治观实质上就是以人为本的政治观.广义政治观内在地要求坚持以人为本,实现以人为本是广义政治观的出发点和最终归宿.而要从理论上廓清人与政治的关系,确立人的政治主体地位,尊重和保障人权,推进政治发展,就必须树立以人为本的广义政治观.     

从日本委婉语看日本人的交际心理

在日本人的语言交际中,委婉语无处不在。就日语委婉表达方式分析日语委婉语的特征, 日本委婉语所蕴含的日本人的交际心理,加深对日本文化的认知。     

Charging and Quasi-Markets in Community Care: Implications for Elderly People with Dementia

Social services authorities in the UK are increasingly involved in charging and fee collection activities with clients in receipt of community care services. This article explores the implications of these developments for elderly people with dementia. The starting point of the article is a critique of existing legal and administrative options for handling other people's money, including the difficulties and dilemmas raised for both paid and unpaid carers by the existing arrangements. This is then related to the failure of charging and fee collection systems which have developed as a result of the community care reforms to address the particular needs of elderly people with dementia. A case study of policies in one local authority is outlined and this is followed by the presentation of the view of 37 fieldlevel professionals who were interviewed in focus groups. The concerns of these respondents included the complexity of the assessment task, conflicts between care managers and finance/revenue staff, the difficulty of defining and responding to financial abuse, and dilemmas over the extent to which relatives and carers should be trusted. The final section of the article considers the implications of a move to quasi-markets in social care for elderly people with dementia, particularly in terms of their vulnerability to financial exploitation.