Direct and Moderating Effects of Ethnic Identity

This study examines the relationship between two aspects of intergenerational conflict (acculturative and developmental) and depression among Korean American adolescents as well as the role of ethnic identity as a moderator of the relationship. First, the results of the study demonstrate that acculturative conflict has a greater impact on depression than developmental conflict. Second, the study indicates that ethnic identity predicts a decreased risk of depression. Finally, the study shows that the effect of acculturative conflict on depression is moderated by ethnic identity. In addition, the results suggest the need for further research in the area of ethnic identity and its unique relationship to psychosocial factors. Granting limitations imposed by the study design, the study supports the buffering role of ethnic identity and suggests a need for the enhancement of ethnic identity among Korean American adolescents.     

青少年道德现代性成长：新媒体传播环境下的考察与反思

社会转型的现代范式展露了社会价值观念多元化、生存诉求多样化、道德规范工具理性化的发展图景,也为青少年道德成长预制了全新的“现代性”维度。迅猛发展的新媒体以其移动终端式的节点传播将草根大众的传播力从传统媒介的单向度中极大地解放出来,从传播内容和传播路径选择上为青少年的个性张扬、主体性彰显、思想表达自由等方面意识的觉醒与能力的成长提供了与新媒体传播环境先天的适应性和亲合力。基于社会转型的现代语境及当前新媒体传播环境,对青少年道德现代性成长进行辨证的考察与反思,已成为新时期青少年道德教育的重要课题。     

Overcoming the odds: constricted ethnicity in middle-class Romà

How are different ethnic groups dealing with upward social mobility and assimilation? This is a large question that social research has tried to address in recent decades. In the United States, this issue has been framed by the theory of segmented assimilation. In Europe, regarding the Romà, the assumption still exists that upward mobility paths are intrinsically associated with a loss of ethnic identity, due to a process of full acculturation to the mainstream. In this article, through an analysis of 48 in-depth interviews with middle-class Romà in Spain, we identify other mobility paths, such as selective acculturation, that exist in addition to full acculturation. In this sense, we observe how symbolic differences exist between those middle-class Romà who live in an ethnic enclave and have a strong network of support and those who do not. In most cases, middle-class Romà tend to live outside the enclave and experience what we have called constricted ethnicity.     

Anthropological Approaches to Modern Societies in the 1940s

At the time that Julian Steward was formulating the Puerto Rico Project, several other approaches to complex societies were being pursued by American anthropologists. Beginning in the 1920s, funders'—and subsequently, New Deal agencies'—interest in addressing social problems impelled microcosmic community studies in the United States. That approach, essentially functionalist and ahistorical, was extended to village studies in other countries, and Redfield's folk-urban continuum became the dominant theoretical framework for comprehending regions within nations. Concurrently, acculturation theory legitimized anthropological interests beyond “primitives” and offered an alternative, two-way cultural contact model. With the onset of World War II, the culture and personality approach was applied to strategic nations, providing holistic configurational depictions of national character. Steward's effort can be seen as a critique of, and alternative to, these approaches that were prevalent in the late 1940s. Building upon his method of cultural ecology, his orientation toward work, and his notions about sociocultural integration, he devised a different way of studying a total society. Steward's framework was modified and expanded by members of his team, both in the field and in the writing of the jointly authored book. While slow to have a wider impact, the project—both in its successes and its limitations—signaled new departures for the anthropological study of the modern world.     

Hispanic Acculturation Index: Advancing Measurement in Acculturation

Hispanics experiences with cultural change are particularly important given its relationship with individual and family functioning. The current study attempts to improve the acculturation scale sensitivity by expanding response options, adding item content emphasizing cultural values, and improve scale orthogonality consistent with existing theory. Results indicate acceptable reliability for the Hispanic Acculturation Index Hispanic (HAI-H; α = .93) and White American Scales (HAI-WA; α = .88) with adequate model fit. Strong correlations between ethnic identity and the HAI-H (r = .83, p < .01) and HAI-WA (r = .61, p < .01) and a non-significant relationship with a measure of social support provided evidence supporting the scales' construct validity. Moreover, ethnicity was a statistically significant variable for HAI-H (β = .77, p < .01) and HAI-WA (β = .53, p < .01) scores.     

Reproductive Attitudes and Behavior Among Latina Adolescents

SUMMARY

This study examines the relationship between acculturation and sexual activity, contraceptive use and attitudes toward self. The sample consisted of 290 Latinas participating in a statewide adolescent pregnancy prevention program funded by the California Department of Health Services. Respondents were divided into three groups for purposes of analysis: those born outside the United States, those born in the United States who spoke primarily Spanish in the home, and those born in the United States who spoke primarily English in the home. Results indicated that less acculturated adolescents were less likely to engage in sexual activity. Place of birth was the most important predictor of differences in reproductive attitudes and behavior; language spoken in the home was not a predictor of sexual activity. There were no significant differences in contraceptive use among the sexually active respondents in the three groups. Respondents born outside of the United States had more negatives attitudes toward self on one measure; respondents born in the United States who spoke primarily Spanish in the home were more likely to plan to attend college, and to delay sexual activity because their parents would be upset, than the other groups. The authors suggest factors that may explain these differences in attitudes and behavior among the three groups.     

交际能力中的语言变异规则

交际的前提是社会存在 ;社会的复杂构成导致作为交际媒体的语言发生变异。要使交际能够顺利进行 ,交际双方不仅需要了解自己的言语在语法上是可能的、语义上是可行的、语用上是恰当的 ,而且需要进一步了解语言的各种变体 ,掌握与不同的交际对象进行交际所应该具备的语言变异能力。语言变异规则包含语言交际的文化规则、正式规则和变通规则 ,它是语言交际能力的一个重要构成。     

中国背景下的外语学习者文化适应类型研究

本文通过对文化适应研究的历史回顾,阐明了文化适应与二语/外语学习的关系。在中国背景下外语学习者的文化适应类型应为融合,未来这一领域的研究应该关注中国学生在外语学习中的文化适应发展方向以及认知、情感、个性与文化适应的关系等问题。     

Parenting,family functioning and lifestyle in a new culture: the case of African migrants in Melbourne,Victoria, Australia

This study documented the parenting styles among African migrants now living in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, and assessed how intergenerational issues related to parenting in a new culture impact on family functioning and the modification of lifestyles. A total of 10 focus group discussions (five with parents and five with 13–17‐year‐old children; N = 85 participants) of 1.5–2 hours duration were conducted with Sudanese, Somali and Ethiopian migrant families. The analysis identified three discrete themes: (i) parenting‐related issues; (ii) family functioning and family relations; and (iii) lifestyle changes and health. African migrant parents were restrictive in their parenting; controlled children's behaviours and social development through strict boundary‐setting and close monitoring of interests, activities, and friends; and adopted a hierarchical approach to decision‐making while discouraging autonomy among their offspring. Programmes seeking to improve the health and welfare of African migrants in their host countries need to accommodate the cultural and social dimensions that shape their lives. Such programmes may need to be so broad as to apply an acculturation lens to planning, and to assist young people, parents and families in addressing intergenerational issues related to raising children and growing up in a different social and cultural milieu.     

兼并企业文化整合:模式与关键环节研究

企业兼并要将价值观、经营理念和经营策略不尽相同甚至完全不同的两个企业完全融为一个整体 ,要取得良好的协同效应 ,必须依靠企业文化的整合。但是目前我国企业文化整合并不令人满意 ,这在一定程度上影响了企业兼并的绩效。本文根据实际调查情况 ,分析目前我国企业兼并中存在的文化整合模式单一、整合与兼并计划脱节、整合行为拖沓等问题 ,从文化整合模式选择和关键环节上的企业行为两方面着手 ,提出了解决上述问题的思路