Quantifying the similarity of 2D images using edge pixels: an application to the forensic comparison of footwear impressions

We propose a novel method to quantify the similarity between an impression (Q) from an unknown source and a test impression (K) from a known source. Using the property of geometrical congruence in the impressions, the degree of correspondence is quantified using ideas from graph theory and maximum clique (MC). The algorithm uses the x and y coordinates of the edges in the images as the data. We focus on local areas in Q and the corresponding regions in K and extract features for comparison. Using pairs of images with known origin, we train a random forest to classify pairs into mates and non-mates. We collected impressions from 60 pairs of shoes of the same brand and model, worn over six months. Using a different set of very similar shoes, we evaluated the performance of the algorithm in terms of the accuracy with which it correctly classified images into source classes. Using classification error rates and ROC curves, we compare the proposed method to other algorithms in the literature and show that for these data, our method shows good classification performance relative to other methods. The algorithm can be implemented with the R package shoeprintr.     

孔子与柏拉图政治思想的比较

孔子是中国传统主流政治思想的先锋,柏拉图是西方古典政治思想的开拓者。本文通过对他们政治思想中的“礼”与“正义”、政治制度的、政治主体以及政治理想的框架性比较,简单概括出他们政治思想的相似性与差异性,并总结了他们对中西政治文明产生的重大影响。     

中日两国东渐西教应对的比较考察——以早期耶稣会东来布教为中心

尽管早期赴远东传教的天主教耶稣会采取了灵活的适应性传教策略,但由于东西文化之间所存在的巨大差异还是导致其在远东的传教事业相继遭到失败。通过对康熙与丰臣秀吉禁教的个案分析,可以认为东来耶稣会的失败在中国主要是为中国文化所败,而在日本更大程度上是为日本统治者的个人权利所败。     

国内外战略联盟理论研究的演变及我国的差距分析

本文从国外战略联盟理论的演变出发,将国外战略联盟理论分为早期传统联盟理论研究阶段和近期联盟能力研究阶段,并分析了两者的研究差异;讨论了国内战略联盟理论研究的现状,在与国外战略联盟理论研究进行比较的基础上,分析了国内战略联盟理论研究存在的问题以及与国外的差距。     

马克思与马尔库塞异化理论的比较

马克思与马尔库塞的异化理论针对资本主义社会两个不同发展时期所面临的社会问题提出.通过人的异化、技术异化和社会异化三个角度的分析,马克思得出劳动异化是人的异化的本质体现,技术异化主要表现在人的机器化和资本取得统治地位,社会异化具体表现为人与自然、人与人以及人自身的不和谐;而马尔库塞认为消费异化是人的异化的表现形式,技术异化虽然有了新变化,但其本质没有变,社会异化则体现在对经济、政治和文化的控制上.对马克思和马尔库塞异化理论进行比较,可以使我们全方位多角度地审视当代资本主义社会中的异化问题,并为思考探索解决我国社会发展过程中出现的异化问题提供理论借鉴.     

Producing public goods in networks: Some effects of social comparison and endogenous network change

As actors participate in the production of public goods, processes of social comparison may affect the decisions about the individual contributions as well as the endogenously changing structure of an underlying social network. This leads to the transformation of an ordinary n-player Prisoner's Dilemma of collective action into an n-player coordination game. The paper uses agent-based simulations to trace the formation of public goods while varying network characteristics, such as density, segregation, or the strength of relationships. Additionally, the usage of both a forward- and a backward-looking agent model shows possible implications of different assumptions about the actors’ decision making.     

Examining educational inequalities in two national systems: a comparison of the North African second generation in France and the Mexican second generation in the United States

This paper aims to compare the educational outcomes of children of immigrants in France and in the United States to highlight the ethnic educational inequalities in both countries. The comparison focuses on children from two groups: North Africans in France and Mexicans in the United States. By using two longitudinal datasets, the French Educational Panel Survey and Add Health, we examine aspirations, expectations, and secondary attainment in the two contexts. We explore in particular the role of parental education on attainment. Immigrant families have high educational aspirations in both contexts. North-African families express higher aspirations than native French with similar background, while there are no significant differences between second-generation Mexicans and the majority group net of parental education. Second-generation children are disadvantaged in school in both countries; they are more likely to drop out and less likely to graduate from high school, but most of the disadvantage is related to their social background. Net of social background, the Mexican second generation does not differ from the majority group while the North African second generation is more likely to get the French high school diploma than their peers of French origins, in line with their high aspirations. However, North Africans are more likely to receive the technological baccalauréat than the general baccalauréat.     

西欧主要政党干部的培养与选拔探析

一个政党能不能不断培养和推出大批优秀的领导人才,在很大程度上影响着该党的政治能力。西欧政党在对干部的物色与发掘、提名与选举、监督与管理、干部的教育与培训等环节都形成了自己的突出特点,其干部培养选拔体现了突出的“选举导向”,干部选拔过程突出了公开性与竞争性原则,干部来源体现了一定的开放性与多元性,干部角色遵循了“非兼职”原则,保持了专业化、职业化。     

宋明史学之比较

从修史机构、史学家和史学成就等方面对宋明两朝史学进行比较,论证中国封建史学宋盛明衰。     

比较与融合:马克思主义哲学中国化的有效途径

与各种形式的哲学观点展开直接的对话交流,是当代中国马克思主义哲学发展过程中一个不可回避的现实境遇和路径选择。从我国改革开放和现代化建设的具体实践出发,着眼于世界历史变革和未来发展,以马克思主义哲学批判性思维为工具,分析比较中国哲学、西方哲学产生的不同文化背景、致思特点和理论旨趣,大胆地吸收借鉴其中所蕴藏的合理因素和思想营养,必将丰富充实马克思主义哲学的理论宝库,从而推进马克思主义哲学中国化的伟大历史进程。