Does Society Matter? Life Satisfaction in the Enlarged Europe

Life satisfaction is quite heterogeneously distributed across countries of the enlarged European Union. Previous research has shown how living conditions within individual countries, such as access to material and emotional resources, are important for personal well-being, but it has been less successful in explaining differences between countries. This article investigates whether it matters in which political and economic circumstances people live, as well as whether their particular perception of the quality of their societal environment plays a role. People are well aware that the institutional and cultural settings in which their lives are embedded create opportunities and limitations: within individual countries, perceptions of society influence life satisfaction outcomes irrespective of access to resources. However, their importance for well-being differs across Europe: perceptions of societies are highly decisive in countries that provide only a minimum of social security and in which the reliability of political institutions is poor. In rich and stable countries, the impact is weaker and private social support becomes more important. In addition to these country-specific weights of life satisfaction determinants, life satisfaction variations between countries can be explained to a large extent by taking into consideration the economic performance, the social security level, and the political culture in a country—all in all, general conditions that enable people to live a respectable life.     

盐业买卖契约“招捡”制度与物权变动公示制度之比较

在中国近现代时期,盐业生产经营的主要方式就是签订各种盐业契约,买卖契约是盐业契约的一种,盐业买卖契约在盐业生产经营中有着极其重要的地位。作为盐业买卖契约的重要特点之一的“招检”制度充分体现了对于私有财产的保护、维护交易安全、建立良好的盐业经营秩序等特质,这与现代物权变动的公示制度有着一脉相通的地方。本文尝试从四川近现代盐业买卖的“招捡”制度入手分析其与现代物权变动的公示制度的联系。     

美国硅谷华人与印度人之比较研究

美国硅谷是世界著名的高科技中心,早期的发展靠集成电路。时至今日,这里的印度人和华人已拥有较大的社群。有人戏称,没有印度人和华人就没有今天的硅谷。通过对硅谷印度人和华人的对比分析,发现他们二者在价值观、思维方式、处世方式、创业模式和动力、社会认知与形象、整体实力等方面都有着较大的差异。客观地分析美国硅谷印度人和华人之间的优劣势,可以为我国吸引海外人才,加快建设创新型国家和科技强国提供借鉴和帮助。     

论宗白华的比较视界

理解宗白华的散步美学,探析其比较意识是一个重要的环节：因为他美学成就的获得建立在博取古今中外艺术文化众长的基础之上。所以本文从分析比较意识的原动力——文化使命感和比较意识表征中的“博”在文化参照与“专”在画学的结合入手,旨在述评比较意识与宗白华美学思想相交合的价值以及在文化心态和方法论层面带给当下美学研究者的启迪。     

医疗保险对农村居民家庭消费的影响分析--基于不同收入层级的跨地区比较

利用2009、2010农村固定观察点数据,分析了医疗保险对不同地区、不同收入层级的农村居民家庭医疗消费支出和非医疗消费支出的影响。实证结果表明：医疗保险对农村居民家庭的医疗类消费不存在显著影响,对非医疗类消费支出则存在显著的正向促进作用。分地区来看,医疗保险对东西部地区农村居民家庭医疗类消费的影响差异显著,对东中部地区农村居民家庭非医疗类消费支出的影响同样差异显著;分收入层级来看,医疗保险对家庭医疗类消费的影响在不同收入层级的农村居民家庭之间不存在显著差异,但对非医疗类消费支出的影响在不同收入层级之间差异显著。此外,商业医疗保险作为医疗保险体系的重要组成部分,对促进农村消费起到带动作用。最后,本文从加大政府补贴和完善保障机制两个方面提出政策建议以期有效降低农村居民家庭超常的预防性储蓄,促进农村居民家庭消费。     

A cross-cultural study on surrogate mother's empathy and maternal–foetal attachment

BackgroundTraditional and gestational surrogate mothers assist infertile couples by carrying their children. In 2005, a meta-analysis on surrogacy was conducted but no study had examined empathy and maternal–foetal attachment of surrogate mothers. Assessments of surrogate mothers show no sign of psychopathology, but one study showed differences on several MMPI-2 scales compared to a normative sample: surrogate mothers identified with stereotypically masculine traits such as assertiveness and competition. They had a higher self-esteem and lower levels of anxiety and depression.Research objectiveTo determine if there is a difference in empathy and maternal–foetal attachment of surrogate mothers compared to a comparison group of mothers.MethodsThree groups of European traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n = 10), Anglo-Saxon traditional and gestational surrogate mothers (n = 34) and a European normative sample of mothers (n = 32) completed four published psychometric instruments: the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (empathy index), the Hospital Anxiety and Depressions Scale and the MC20, a social desirability scale. Pregnant surrogate mothers filled the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (n = 11). Statistical non-parametric analyses of variance were conducted.FindingsDepending on cultural background, surrogate mothers present differences in terms of empathy, anxiety and depression, social desirability and quality of attachment to the foetus compared to a normative sample.ConclusionsEnvironment plays a role for traditional and gestational surrogacy. Surrogate mothers of both groups are less anxious and depressed than normative samples. Maternal–foetal attachment is strong with a slightly lower quality of attachment. Surrogate mother's empathy indexes are similar to normative samples, sometimes higher.     

基于Babel英汉平行语料库的英汉介词对比分析

介词是英汉两种语言中较为特殊的一类词,在实际使用中都非常活跃。通过对英汉介词的简要阐述,在以前的研究基础上,尝试基于Babel英汉平行语料库,对其中出现频率最高的前十个英语介词和汉语介词的使用频率,兼类情况及其对应关系做以对比分析,以期对英译汉中的介词翻译能有所启示。另外,介词在英译汉时可以采取直译、增译、省译和转译四种方法。     

中美主流文化对比与增强跨文化交际意识

东西方国家在政治经济、文化形态、社会结构、价值观念诸方面,包括语言体系方面存在差异,异质文化的冲突以及文化心理的碰撞在跨文化交际中表现得最为明显。它会对日益频繁的跨文化交际带来许多障碍。本论文通过中美主流文化的对比,研究跨文化交际中东西文化存在的明显差异,提出要增强跨文化交际意识的教育,这对消除交际失误,提高跨文化交际质量有着十分重要的意义。     

比喻分类管见

本文针对大中学教坛上把比喻分为明喻、暗喻、借喻的“三分说”分类提出不同看法;认为应分为两大类：常式比喻和变式比喻,并着重分析了 常式比喻与变式比喻之间的联系及其“变”的规律     

中国市场化水平测度、分析与预测

本文对世界主要 46个国家和地区的市场化水平进行测度 ,通过国际比较定位中国市场化的总体水平 ,揭示出中国市场化进程中存在的优势和劣势 ,并对今后五年中国市场化目标做出预测。