历史演进与发展条件——中国志愿行为文化的实践

研究志愿服务与之相适应的行为文化,对建国以来志愿行为文化萌芽期的模式及其存在的问题进行辩证性的分析,对志愿行为文化高速发展期的起步探索、组织推动、规范发展、社会体系四个阶段的历史演进模式予以梳理,分析其阶段性的发展特点,从传统伦理文化传承、非营利性组织发展、公民社会构建与社会治理、社会转型与体制转轨等角度审视志愿行为文化的发展条件。     

论全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标

十六大报告提出的全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标,绘制了21世纪头20年我国现代化建设的宏伟蓝图,为全党和全国人民指明了在新世纪和发展阶段继续前进的方向。本文立足基本国情,从掌握全面建设小康社会的科学内涵及需要正确处理的几个主要重大关系入手,阐述了全面建设小康社会的重要性,长期性,艰巨性,复杂性和必然性。     

劳动力禀赋变化与生产条件差异下的农业技术选择——以中国水稻机插秧技术推广应用为例

农业生产要素禀赋状况变化与农业生产条件差异对农业技术进步有着重要的影响。通过23个水稻生产省（直辖市、自治区）2004—2015年的面板数据实证分析发现：随着水稻雇工工价不断上升和各地区水稻机插秧水平不断提高,各地区的农业生产条件也对水稻机插秧水平具有显著的影响,农业生产条件的差异是导致地区间水稻机插秧水平差异的重要原因。随着中国农业劳动力逐渐稀缺会诱致劳动节约型技术的不断出现和大量应用,但诱致性技术变迁机制的有效发挥还依赖于各地区农业生产条件。为进一步提高中国农业机械化水平,需要加大农业基础设施建设、改善农机作业条件和提高农机技术水平。     

Gammaization and wishartness of dependent quadratic forms

In this paper two equivalent sets of necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for dependent quadratic forms to be distributed as multivariate gamma distribution. The procedure also gives a set of necessary and sufficient conditions for principal minors of generalized quadratic forms to be jointly distributed as the joint distribution of principal minors of a Kishart matrix.     

Adaptive Test for Periodicity in Self-Exciting Threshold Autoregressive Models

This article is devoted to the study of the periodicity testing problem in a self-exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) model. The local asymptotic normality (LAN) property is shown via the adapted sufficient conditions due to Swensen (1985 Swensen , A. R. ( 1985 ). The asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio for autoregressive time series with a regression trend . Journal of Multivariate Analysis 16 : 54 – 70 .[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). Moreover, the LAN of the central sequence is established. First, we consider the case where the innovation density is specified and we obtain a parametric local asymptotic test. Second, we construct an adaptive test in the case where this density is unspecified but symmetric. The performances of these established tests are shown via simulation studies.     

Labour and international accounting standards: A question of social justice

As the international guardian of social justice, the ILO is witnessing a global revolution in accounting, which has culminated in international accounting standards (IAS-IFRS). Previously, accounting measured the economy in relation to the capacities and responsibilities of workers and their employers. Today, the exact opposite is the case: the IAS-IFRS no longer measure work and enterprises, referring instead to the abstract concept of a cybernetic entity capable of constant restructuring, at the cost of unprecedented inequality. The author points to the incoherence of this system and to the need to restore the full carrying value of labour.     

Call centres and job satisfaction in Italy: employment conditions and socio-biographical patterns

ABSTRACT

The article examines job satisfaction in 21 Italian call centres. The results of research carried out on 1715 handlers indicate how dissatisfaction prevails among call centre representatives (CCRs) and how it is influenced by aspects related to some organisational characteristics (service delivered, size and organisational typology), on one side, and to different aspects of working conditions (contract, wage and tenure) and participants’ biographical and working profiles of CCRs (gender, age, educational attainment), on the others. However, the most interesting finding emerges by distinguishing different dimensions of job satisfaction (extrinsic and intrinsic-relational). In particular, the relationship between type of contract and job satisfaction is rather interesting. For non-permanent workers, in fact, the probability of being dissatisfied is decidedly greater if we consider the extrinsic dimension of job satisfaction. Instead, when the intrinsic-relational dimension is taking into account, atypical workers are no more dissatisfied than the permanent ones. Job insecurity and limited perspectives in terms of work alternatives, safeguards and rewards, seem to be the source of greatest dissatisfaction for Italian CCRs. This certainly does not surprise considering the Italian development model and its dualistic labour market, highly segmented between insiders and outsiders.     

Travail et normes comptables internationales: une question de justice sociale

En tant que garante internationale de la justice sociale, l'OIT se trouve confrontée à une révolution comptable mondiale, parachevée par les normes comptables internationales (IAS-IFRS). La comptabilité mesurait autrefois l'économie en rapport avec les capacités et les responsabilités des travailleurs et de ceux qui en disposent. C'est aujourd'hui l'exact opposé: les normes IAS-IFRS ont perdu le sens de la mesure du travail et de l'entreprise en se référant au concept abstrait d'une entité cybernétique capable d'incessantes réorganisations, au prix d'inégalités sans limites. L'auteur en dénonce les incohérences et démontre la nécessité de redonner au travail toute sa valeur comptable.     

国际制裁的目的、条件、方式及其对中国参与国际制裁的启示

国际制裁作为发起主体实现政治目标的手段，旨在说服或迫使一个国家停止参与不被接受的行为，达到惩罚目标国行为、削弱目标国实力、宣传自身价值观或表明本国立场的目的。相比代价高昂的军事行动，国际制裁具有低成本的特点，成为冷战以来越来越多的国家和国际组织解决国际争端的工具。作为大国对外政策工具，实施国际制裁需要具备一定的条件，如双方的相互依存度、力量对比、利益权衡和国内外支持等。根据不同的制裁目的和条件，制裁国可以灵活选择多边制裁或单边制裁、复合制裁或单一制裁、全面制裁或目标制裁等制裁方式。中国作为一个举足轻重的大国，已具备利用国际制裁来维护国际正义和本国利益的能力，支持在联合国框架下参与国际制裁。在制裁参与中，中国需要根据国家利益及本国国情，建立和完善相关的制裁执行机制，合理选择制裁方式，使国际制裁更好地服务于国家利益。