Estimation in linear mixed models for longitudinal data under linear restricted conditions

In the paper, we consider a linear mixed model (LMM) for longitudinal data under linear restriction and find the estimators for the parameters of interest. The strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimators are obtained under some regularity conditions. Besides, we derive the strong consistent estimator of the fourth moment for the error which is useful for statistical inference for random effects and error variance. Simulations and an example are reported for illustration.     

Topics on Dynamic Panel Data Models with Random Effects Using Semi-Parametric Bayesian Approach

A common assumption in fitting panel data models is normality of stochastic subject effects. This can be extremely restrictive, making vague most potential features of true distributions. The objective of this article is to propose a modeling strategy, from a semi-parametric Bayesian perspective, to specify a flexible distribution for the random effects in dynamic panel data models. This is addressed here by assuming the Dirichlet process mixture model to introduce Dirichlet process prior for the random-effects distribution. We address the role of initial conditions in dynamic processes, emphasizing on joint modeling of start-up and subsequent responses. We adopt Gibbs sampling techniques to approximate posterior estimates. These important topics are illustrated by a simulation study and also by testing hypothetical models in two empirical contexts drawn from economic studies. We use modified versions of information criteria to compare the fitted models.     

Cycles of Adaptive Strategies Over the Life Course

An increasing number of Australia’s ageing population are aging with long-term physical impairments. This study explored the life experiences of this group using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 disabled Victorians, aged between 51 and 84 years, and an inductive thematic analysis undertaken. A relationship was found between the adaptive strategies that participants developed as they moved through life phases and the impairment stages. The implications of the emergence of a cyclical process of adaptation across the life course. and particularly in respect of aging, delivery of aged-care services and social workers in this sector are discussed.     

Shifts in the employment outcomes among Mexican migrants to the United States, 1976–2009

Although studies have examined the impact of U.S. immigration policy shifts in the 1980s and 1990s on the employment outcomes of migrants, scholars have paid less attention to how the federal government's shifting approach to worksite enforcement has transformed the conditions in which Mexican migrants work. Consistent with previous research, we find a worsening of conditions for both unauthorized and legal Mexican migrants in the years following the passage of the Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) and that unauthorized status is associated with more unfavorable workplace conditions relative to legal immigrants. However, in the first decade of the 21st century, we also find that unauthorized immigrants’ employment outcomes more closely resemble those of legal immigrants now than in the past, suggesting a dramatic shift in the ways that employers treat unauthorized immigrants on the job. This convergence between authorized and unauthorized migrants is consistent with federal policies and practices related to workplace enforcement.     

城乡人口流动的单向性及其社会经济约束

改革开放以来,中国城乡人口的空间流动已基本解除了户籍制度的障碍。但流动人口在实现市民身份转变的过程中却又明显地受户籍制度的制约,使得城市人口结构呈现二元化特征。农村居民流入城市和进入城市的农村人变成市民的数量,必然会受到城市资源供给能力的限制,这是不可违背的客观规律。这种制度性的约束,从本质上来讲是社会经济发展不均衡的产物。     

农村留守妇女问题的调查及社会工作介入——以山东省刘白杨村为个案

农村留守妇女问题的解决与需求的满足是社会工作"助人自助"理念的应有之义。在前期调查与评估的基础上,基于社会工作新视角探讨社会工作介入留守妇女群体的空间及路径,反思社会工作介入留守妇女群体应注意的问题,目的旨在通过理论与实务的双重层面使留守妇女问题得到更广泛的关注与更切实有效的改善。     

马克思主义中国化成果传播媒介控制研究

马克思主义中国化成果传播媒介控制是指在特定的社会活动领域中,围绕着一定目标形成的、具有普遍意义的、比较稳定和正式的社会制度对传播媒介与政府的关系,媒介与社会群体以及广大受众关系问题的控制。当前,我国面临着媒介技术外来性、受众身份变化、各种势力角逐互联网以及传播者管理能力等问题,产生了种种阻碍马克思主义中国化成果传播的现象。笔者认为,马克思主义中国化成果传播媒介控制要以此为据,制定相应的控制策略。     

网络环境下大学英语自主学习问题的探讨

培养和提高大学生网络环境下英语自主学习的能力是大学英语教学改革的一个重要部分。大学英语教师只有充分了解网络环境下的大学英语自主学习特征、应具备的条件及其优势,才能更好地在教学过程中改变传统的教学方法,利用现代科学技术,探索新的教学模式,以达到培养大学生综合运用语言的能力的目的。     

欠发达地区农村留守妇女生存现状分析及出路探讨——以江西省赣州市为例

农村留守妇女群体是个特殊的群体,其生存状况直接关系到社会主义新农村乃至和谐社会的建设。随着经济的发展,欠发达地区出外务工男性越来越多,在农村中就出现了相当数量的留守妇女,她们已经成为农业生产的＂主力军＂。立足这个群体的经济状况、婚姻家庭和精神生活,以江西省赣州市为例,对农村留守妇女的生存现状进行分析,并提出改善其现状的有效对策。     

道德规范可普遍化研究

道德规范可普遍化是指它可适用于境况、条件、范围相同的各种个案事实。道德规范可普遍化隶属于价值判断可普遍化。代表越多人群利益的道德规范,其可普遍化范围越广。任何道德规范都有例外。要正确适用道德规范,就必须把握住它的适用条件和范围,排除其例外情况。