‘King's inheritors': understanding the ethnic discourse on the Rajbanshi as an indigenous community

The rise of ethnic struggles in various parts of the world, particularly in the post-colonial period, is an intriguing phenomenon. Having the consciousness of primordial origins, indigenous communities have pursued ethnic mobilizations along different lines in order to achieve the goals of social and economic uplift. This paper focuses on the Rajbanshi, one such community living in northeast India, as they offer an opportunity to study history and ethnic identity formation as the dynamics behind their current situation. From the standpoint of applied anthropology, processes of social change and activism intended to improve the lot of Rajbanshi communities are evaluated. Given their obscure origins, cultural diversity and divided political struggle, the Rajbanshi are far from achieving their goal of pursuing better lives. Strategies of Sanskritization and ‘sons-of-the-soil’ indigeneity have not reaped the desired results in terms of social and economic development. Furthermore, discourses rooted in immigrant-aboriginal binaries and theoretical dichotomies of primordialism–constructivism fail to make sense of this community's experience and are not helpful in guiding them toward meaningful and fruitful political and social change.     

“双主”教学模式在英语翻译教学中的应用研究

“双主”教学模式是以教师为主导和以学生为主体的一种全新教学模式,其理论依据是建构主义。作为一种全新的集合了各种优势的教学模式,“双主”教学模式给英语翻译教学带来的影响及作用是巨大的。     

在建构主义原则下设计大学英语视听说语料

具备直接、生动、有趣和实践寓教于乐等优点的视听说语料是使大学英语学习活动的虚拟语境具备真实语境因素的最佳机会,与语言知识向语言运用技能的顺利过渡息息相关。在我国英语语言教育越来越重视培养听说技能的背景下,现代教育技术已经使社会建构主义理论应用于大学英语语料(特别是视听说语料)的设计和使用成为可能。     

四级网考对大学英语教学的反拨作用

大学英语四级网考的铺开是大学英语教学改革的一项重要内容,它在考试媒介、题型设计、题材选择、考查重心等方面都作出了调整。考试对教学起到一定的反拨作用。大学英语教师要研究四级网考所体现的教学理论,转变教学理念,利用网络教学资源,探索如何以测试为动因培养学生的英语综合应用能力、可持续发展的自主学习能力以及计算机硬件操作能力。     

Más allá de la sociología. Sobre catástrofes,expertos y comunidades

We could state that a catastrophic discourse is one that refers to a catastrophe which is avoided by the same discourse. This kind of discourse stimulates cautious behaviours. It is necessary that the actors do not know that the catastrophe exists and that they are avoiding it so that this situation can work. Nevertheless, the analyst knows everything. The catastrophic discourse takes part in a stable situation in which the analyst's knowledge is directly proportional to the actor alienation. The economist knows that unstable situations like panic produce an opposite phenomenon: the analyst does not know very well what is going on but the actor knows how to manage. If the market, as well as stable operation, permits instability, the prevention of catastrophes could admit an unstable one, similar to panic and together with the catastrophic solution. This paper suggests some concepts to think about this unstable and anticatastrophic situation. They are notions which give prominence to ‘emergentism’, autopoiesis and uncertainty. The reinterpretation of the Hobbesian natural state developed by Foucault, the analysis of the mobilization power of fear by Bataille and the unpolitical reflections of the community which have been proposed by Esposito, Nancy and Agamben will be reinterpreted in order to achieve this goal.     

解构主义视域下的语篇分析

语篇分析不仅是理解字面的意义或拘泥于形式上对语篇内容的再现,通过把读者观点与作者观点进行对照并使之＂问题化＂,排除语篇中的时空单一性,解构语篇的中心,在此提出发掘语篇中大量的隐性观点和由此带来的语言能力发展机会,从而构建动态场式的语篇为新起点,以引起广阔的视野分析和语篇理解。     

对"进步"概念的哲学重审——兼评建构主义的"进步"观念

本文通过考察进步概念的起源和演进,指出了在哲学上重审这一概念的必要性与可能性。通过分析进步概念所包含的两个基本因素,即事实因素和价值因素,以及进步的过去向度和未来向度,作者勾画了进步概念的基本结构,探讨了人类为何可以朝积极的方向塑造未来。虽然进步意味着向好的方向转化,但进步的时间结构并不以直线性的方式展开。开放的进步观与开放的理性观密切相关。对强进步类和弱进步类的区分表明,进步的标准是多样的。但从政治人类学的观点来看,进步要以增进人的自由、尊严与幸福为目标。我们虽然要以进步的观点看进步,但我们也需要以批判的观点看进步,因为进步不仅解决问题,而且产生问题。     

培训 教育 发展——三种教师培养名称的内涵

有关教师培养的三种常见名称“培养”、“教育”、“发展”有其不同的涵义。章根据上述三种名称的内在涵义,探讨了行为主义、人主义和构建主义对教师培养范式的影响,揭示了由艺徒型到社会构建型的教师专业发展轨迹,并在此基础上,分析了我国教师培养工作的有关问题。     

认知建构主义学习观评析

认知建构主义在其发展过程中表现出六种不同倾向，在一定程度上它们都对知识的确定性和可靠性提出了怀疑，都把学习看成是学习者通过新旧经验间双向的相互作用而建构自己的经验体系的过程；但在“外部输入-内部生成”和“个体-社会”两个维度上，它们又表现出一定的分歧。     

社会建构对科学哲学的挑战

社会建构主义自20世纪70年代诞生以来,就以激进的姿态去挑战实在论,这种挑战主要体现在:以对称性取代合理性;以自然主义取代规范主义;以发现的语境取代辩护的逻辑;以社会磋商取代实证划界。这些挑战的意义在于它突破了传统哲学预设的自然科学知识内容不可被社会学家涉猎的禁区,打开了科学知识的"潘多拉盒子",打开了科学知识的广阔的社会与文化的分析语境,正确地看到了社会与文化因素是科学不可或缺的一种组成部分。但走向了极端,切断了知识与自然界的联系,消解了科学知识的客观性和真理性,从而走向了相对主义与非理性主义。