朝那:保留在汉语中的古羌语词语

古籍中屡见一个地名词语--朝那.这是古羌语词语,是古羌族人对所居地的命名,意思是"黑龙".从语言形式看,"朝那"是"名词中心语 形容词定语"结构,体现了藏缅语族语言的一般规律;从地域分布看,殷商至两汉时期,朝那地是古羌族的活动范围;从文化特征看,古羌族崇龙尚黑,其生活地域的山水和居民点多以黑或龙命名;从文化遗迹看,今陇东一带许多县乡都有繁丰的龙文化印记.     

关于教育中“主体间性”的一些认识

韦伯的理解社会学、加芬克尔的常人方法学、胡赛尔先验现象学和哈贝马斯交往行动理论均对科技理性予以批判,但在构筑他们各自的哲学、揭示社会现象与问题时,站在了不同的方法论立场上,导致对"主体间性"认识视角不尽一致.教育中的主体间性是指主体与主体之间相互尊重,在法律、各项学校规章制度与道德规范下的相互理解的关系特征.在学校教育中,科学精神与主体间性应是相辅相承的.为了实现主体间性,要注意运用平等对话与交流及交往等教育方式,但这些教育方式并不能排斥其他教育方式.教育改革过程应树立"主体间性"意识.     

"机械设计基础"课程教学中"角接触向心轴承轴向载荷的计算"的解疑尝试

文章通过引入一个V型梁和V导轨来类比滚子与滚道的接触,清晰、简洁、明了地解释了"机械设计基础"教学中"角接触向心轴承轴向载荷的计算"这一难点问题.     

浅谈彝族服饰的变迁与传承因素

彝族服饰异彩纷呈,丰富多彩,地域差异性较大,但从历史来看,一些古老的服饰传统还是传承下来。彝族服饰变迁因素最主要的还是对生态环境的调适和文化接触的结果。而服饰传统传承因素除了生态环境的稳定性之外,重要的还有彝族文化价值观的相对稳定性,二者促成彝族服饰主要的文化要素传承了下来。     

高新技术园区投入产出绩效的智能评价

投入产出绩效评价是关系着中国各高新技术园区可持续发展的关键问题。由于评价问题的高维复杂性,神经网络方法与其他方法相比具有一定的优越性,但存在着训练准则和分类准则不一致的问题。采用一种区域映射神经网络模型,实现了从区域到区域的映射比区域到点的映射更快、更好,保证了神经网络训练准则与实际分类准则的一致性,具有比前馈式神经网络更快的收敛速度和更高的分类精度。利用区域映射神经网络模型对中国高新技术园区投入产出绩效进行智能评价,取得了较好的效果。     

Urban Europeans' viewpoints on immigrants in the city: Re-considering how group threat operates across national and urban contexts

Research analyzing attitudes toward immigrants in Europe studies how the immigrant population size in a country conditions prejudicial attitudes against immigrants. While research on immigrant group size in countries is important, research considering the size of immigrant groups at other geographic scales, such as cities, is relatively unexplored. Using data on nearly 30,000 residents of 63 European cities from the Flash Eurobarometer 366 survey, we ask: how does the immigrant population size in a country and a city relate to how Europeans consider immigrants in their city? Findings show support for a group threat framework in that greater immigrant group size is linked to more anti-immigrant views, but this finding holds only for cities, not for countries. Our discussion centers on the ways in which cities may be linked to this threat, and how a multi-scalar conception of group threat can uncover varying relationships for immigration attitudes.     

基于行业身份差异化的党代会代表联系群众制度探讨

建立党代会代表联系群众工作制度,是党法党规的要求,是夯实党的执政基础、巩固党的执政地位的要求。党代会代表是有行业身份差异的。只有根据行业身份差异,建立党代会代表联系群众制度,才能充分发挥党代会代表的能量,提高联系群众的水平,增强服务群众的效果。我们可以按照党章对基层党组织的分类,来具体描述基于行业身份差异化的党代会代表联系群众工作制度的内容和方式,分别构建乡镇、街道和村社党代会代表联系群众制度,国有企业、集体企业和非公有制企业党代会代表联系群众制度,教育、科研、医疗等事业单位党代会代表联系群众制度,以及党政机关党代会代表联系群众制度。     

Ethnic concentration in the neighbourhood and majority and minority language: A study of first and second-generation immigrants

Ethnic residential concentration is often found to hamper immigrants’ majority language proficiency. However, there are still several gaps in our understanding of the relationship between ethnic concentration and ethnic minorities’ language practices. This study examines the extent to which ethnic concentration also constrains immigrants’ majority language use, whether contact with natives and co-ethnics mediates these relationships, and whether ethnic concentration relates to second-generation minorities’ minority language proficiency. Structural equation models on data for people of Turkish and Moroccan origin living in the Netherlands (N = 2163) showed that ethnic concentration is indirectly related to weaker majority language proficiency and less majority language use through contact with natives and co-ethnics. For second-generation minorities, ethnic concentration is related to better minority language proficiency.     

The effect of domain prestige and interlocutors' bilingualism on loanword adaptations

There is great variability in whether foreign sounds in loanwords are adapted, such that segments show cross‐word and cross‐situational variation in adaptation. Previous research proposed that word frequency, speakers' level of bilingualism and neighborhoods' level of bilingualism can explain such variability. We test for the effect of these factors and propose two additional factors: interlocutors' level of bilingualism and the prestige of the donor language in the loanword's domain. Analyzing elicited productions of loanwords from Spanish into Mexicano in a village where Spanish and Mexicano enjoy prestige in complementary domains, we show that interlocutors' bilingualism and prestige influence the rate of sound adaptation. Additionally, we find that speakers accommodate to their interlocutors, regardless of the interlocutors' level of bilingualism. As retention of foreign sounds can lead to sound change, these results show that social factors can influence changes in a language's sound system.