字母词使用是语言接触的正常现象

只要有语言接触,两种或多种语言之间就会有交流,最直接的产物就是外来词。语言接触越频繁,外来词的数量就越多,这是语言接触的基本规律。字母词是汉语词汇中一个比较独特的类集,其主体是汉语外来词。从字母词在汉语中的产生和发展历程我们可以看到,汉语字母词是语言接触的产物,汉语中字母词的使用是语言接触的正常现象。     

引发语言转用的双语类型及特点研究

双语的产生是语言接触的必然结果,语言转用是双语发展到一定程度后出现的语言使用功能的变化,是语言发展中的一种普遍现象。语言转用和双语有着直接的关系,本文探讨了现如今引发语言转用需考虑的因素,分析了引发语言转用的双语类型及特点,以期对语言活力、语言保持、濒危语言等问题的研究做出更合理的判断。     

Unpacking Court Divorce Decrees,Children’s Outcomes,and Three Unconfounded Determinants: An Evidence-Based Look

This article examines evidence on 3 determinants of the outcomes of children of divorce that are shaped but neither confound or are confounded by court decrees for custody and parenting time: father contact or involvement, high interparental conflict, and domestic violence. This evidence is brought to bear in an analysis that contrasts predictions based on the rationales for sole maternal versus joint custody and explores implications for judicial decision making. It is found that the best-interests-of-the-child standard better serves children in contested cases when this evidence is taken into account. A call is made for rebuttable presumptions for joint custody and commensurate parenting time except when parent-perpetrated violence or other patterns of abusive behavior are substantiated. Steps for judicial reform are proposed.     

Many Faces of Openness in Adoption: Perspectives of Adopted Adolescents and Their Parents

Parents and adolescents (mean age, 15.7 years) from 177 adoptive families participating in the second wave of the Minnesota/Texas Adoption Research Project were interviewed about their post-adoption contact arrangements. The sample included families with no contact, stopped contact, contact without meetings, and contact with face-to-face meetings between the adolescent and birth mother. Openness arrangements were dynamic, and different openness arrangements were associated with different experiences and feelings. Adoptive families with contact reported having higher levels of satisfaction about their openness arrangements, experiencing more positive feelings about the birth mother, and possessing more factual and personal knowledge about the birth mother than did families without contact. Adolescents and adoptive mothers in the contact with meetings group reported the greatest satisfaction with their openness arrangements; those with no contact or stopped contact reported the least satisfaction with their arrangements. Participants having no contact were more likely to want the intensity of contact to increase in the future rather than stay the same. Many participants already having contact wanted it to increase in the future. Fewer than 1 percent of all participants wanted to see the intensity of contact decrease.     

农村传媒生态环境建设策略研究——基于吉林省四平地区农村传媒状况的调查分析

信息时代大众传媒高速发展,媒介在社会政治、经济、文化建设中起到了不可替代的作用。在这样的形势下,我国农村大众媒介的接触情况仍不乐观,农村传媒生态的良性发展环境还有待进一步建设。本课题通过对吉林省四平地区农村传媒受众接触情况及传媒环境的抽样调查分析和研究,总结农村传媒生态存在的问题。提出相应对策,有益于优化农村传媒生态,使大众传媒在新农村建设中发挥更大的作用。     

Driving,Communicating and Working: Understanding the Work-related Communication Behaviours of Business Travellers on Work-related Car Journeys

Abstract

Despite an increasing number of workers requiring to travel extensively in carrying out their work, there are significant gaps in knowledge related to how business travellers make use of journey time. This paper addresses this gap in knowledge by examining the journey-time behaviours of business people travelling by car on work-related journeys. One of the central focuses of the paper is on the extent to which business travellers use mobile communication technologies and the extent to which they experience a pressure to remain in ‘perpetual contact’ with colleagues and clients while travelling.     

Religion,Contact, and Ambivalent Attitudes Toward the Rights of Gays and Lesbians in Barbados

ABSTRACT

Over 70 countries in the world currently carry anti-gay laws, among which is Barbados, a small English-speaking Caribbean island. This study evaluates whether heterosexuals in Barbados are consistent or ambivalent in their attitudes toward anti-gay law reform and the extent to which competing messages from interpersonal contact and religion affect ambivalence. The analysis revealed that a majority of heterosexuals hold ambivalent attitudes about gay and lesbian rights. Moreover, results from a multinomial logistic regression imply that Barbadians whose views on sexuality were theologically based were less likely to support restrictions on same-sex intimacy when they have a close relationship with a gay man or lesbian. However, this decline in support for the laws brought about by meaningful contact did not translate to support for gay and lesbian rights among the religiously inclined. Rather, it manifested itself as a state of attitudinal ambivalence.     

类型学差异对语言接触中声调匹配及回归的影响

实验语音分析是研究维族汉语声调匹配和回归规律的有效方法。维族汉语语料声学分析表明,声调完成有序化匹配的时间比声母、韵母完成匹配的时间要长;维族汉语单字调的匹配、回归是分阶进行的;维族汉语双音节声调模式受母语音高重音模式潜在制约;维族汉语"维腔维调"现象是维汉语言类型学差异在语言接触中的表现。     

A new role for Low German? Language insertion as bilingual practice in the process of language shift

This article analyzes language insertion as a bilingual communicative practice, applying a functional, speaker‐focused approach to the study of sociolinguistics and language contact. The article is based on a study of contact phenomena in a formerly diglossic region in Northern Germany, where the previously spoken language – Low German – is in the process of being replaced by the dominant standard variety, German. It examines regional publications in order to establish the linguistic techniques by which Low German elements are incorporated into the Standard German texts and the communicative purposes that they serve. The paper concludes that in the process of language shift an emblematic repertoire from Low German is created which can be applied into the dominant contact language, German, for specific communicative purposes. Ausgehend von einer funktionalen, sprecherzentrierten soziolinguistischen Herangehensweise werden im folgenden Artikel bilinguale Einfügungen als Form mehrsprachiger kommunikativer Praxis untersucht. Die Studie analysiert Kontaktphänomene in einer vormals diglossischen Region Norddeutschlands, in der die gesprochene Sprache Niederdeutsch zunehmend von der dominanten Kontaktsprache Deutsch ersetzt wird. Im Artikel werden regionale Publikationen untersucht, um die sprachlichen Techniken heraus zu arbeiten, mit denen niederdeutsche Elemente in den Text integriert werden und welche kommunikativen Funktionen mit ihnen verbunden sind. Der Artikel kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass während eines Prozesses von fortschreitendem Sprachverlust ein emblematisches niederdeutsches Repertoire geschaffen wird, das für spezifische Funktionen in die dominante Kontaktsprache Deutsch eingefügt werden kann. [Standard German] In disse Artikel geiht dat um Insprengsels van en Spraak in en anner. De Autor hett unnersöcht un lett weten, dat in Noorddüütskland as en tweetalerge Kuntrei immer mehr de sproken Spraak Nedderdüütsk van de machterge Kuntaktspraak Hoogdüütsk bisieddrückt un oflööst word. Se hett Schrifftstücken ut de Gewesten unnersöcht un deit wiesen, up wat för Maneren nedderdüütske Insprengsels in hoogdüütske Texten inbunnen worden. Daarbi kummt vandag, dat en egenaardig nedderdüütsk Weeswark upkummt, dat bi besünner Gelegenheiden in dat Hoogdüütsk sien Stee kriegen kann. [Low German]     

从语言接触看比工仡佬语语序类型的变化

比工仡佬语属于仡佬语阿欧方言,该支仡佬族自称z■13lei31。文章依据语言类型学理论以及语言接触变异理论,主要探讨比工仡佬语在同汉语的语言接触过程中其语序类型发生的变化。