A new role for Low German? Language insertion as bilingual practice in the process of language shift

This article analyzes language insertion as a bilingual communicative practice, applying a functional, speaker‐focused approach to the study of sociolinguistics and language contact. The article is based on a study of contact phenomena in a formerly diglossic region in Northern Germany, where the previously spoken language – Low German – is in the process of being replaced by the dominant standard variety, German. It examines regional publications in order to establish the linguistic techniques by which Low German elements are incorporated into the Standard German texts and the communicative purposes that they serve. The paper concludes that in the process of language shift an emblematic repertoire from Low German is created which can be applied into the dominant contact language, German, for specific communicative purposes. Ausgehend von einer funktionalen, sprecherzentrierten soziolinguistischen Herangehensweise werden im folgenden Artikel bilinguale Einfügungen als Form mehrsprachiger kommunikativer Praxis untersucht. Die Studie analysiert Kontaktphänomene in einer vormals diglossischen Region Norddeutschlands, in der die gesprochene Sprache Niederdeutsch zunehmend von der dominanten Kontaktsprache Deutsch ersetzt wird. Im Artikel werden regionale Publikationen untersucht, um die sprachlichen Techniken heraus zu arbeiten, mit denen niederdeutsche Elemente in den Text integriert werden und welche kommunikativen Funktionen mit ihnen verbunden sind. Der Artikel kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass während eines Prozesses von fortschreitendem Sprachverlust ein emblematisches niederdeutsches Repertoire geschaffen wird, das für spezifische Funktionen in die dominante Kontaktsprache Deutsch eingefügt werden kann. [Standard German] In disse Artikel geiht dat um Insprengsels van en Spraak in en anner. De Autor hett unnersöcht un lett weten, dat in Noorddüütskland as en tweetalerge Kuntrei immer mehr de sproken Spraak Nedderdüütsk van de machterge Kuntaktspraak Hoogdüütsk bisieddrückt un oflööst word. Se hett Schrifftstücken ut de Gewesten unnersöcht un deit wiesen, up wat för Maneren nedderdüütske Insprengsels in hoogdüütske Texten inbunnen worden. Daarbi kummt vandag, dat en egenaardig nedderdüütsk Weeswark upkummt, dat bi besünner Gelegenheiden in dat Hoogdüütsk sien Stee kriegen kann. [Low German]     

从语言接触看比工仡佬语语序类型的变化

比工仡佬语属于仡佬语阿欧方言,该支仡佬族自称z■13lei31。文章依据语言类型学理论以及语言接触变异理论,主要探讨比工仡佬语在同汉语的语言接触过程中其语序类型发生的变化。     

销孔间隙与孔壁承压容许应力取值研究

销连接是现代钢结构连接常用的形式,然而销孔与销轴之间不可避免地存在间隙。利用ANSYS软件研究销孔间隙对耳板孔壁承压容许应力的影响。在弹塑性阶段,通过详细的数值分析以塑性区面积为“桥梁”研究了销孔间隙对耳板孔壁承压建议容许应力的影响。将得到的离散数据进行解析拟合,给出了耳板承压建议容许应力随销孔间隙变化的公式。     

京津冀协同发展下的石家庄市园区建设研究

京津冀协同发展作为重大国家战略,目前已经从科技、卫生、海关、交通和污染防治等多层面展开深入合作,但实质上的水乳交融式的推进关键在于形成上下游产业链。因此,石家庄市必须牢牢扭住园区经济这个京津冀产业协作的重要载体和平台,从构建区域经济联动发展机制、创新园区管理体制机制、发展特色产业集群式园区等入手,构筑区域经济协同发展＂强引擎＂。     

利用频变地震反射系数识别含气储层

地震波在孔隙介质中传播的渐进方程可用于在地震频带内计算法向入射反射系数,这个频变的反射系数可用一个无量纲的参数ε 来表示,ε 可表示为储层流动性参数（即粘滞性的倒数）、流体密度和信号频率的乘积。利用该表达式,对中国新场气田的实际数据进行了计算,新场气田的储层大多为超致密的砂岩并且渗透率很低。在计算结果上观测到了砂岩储层内过渡区的气水界面上反射系数在地震频带内随频率变化的现象。利用该研究结果指导了地震反演并提取了相应的地震属性,这些属性被首先用于进行的流体（气或水）辨别,最后,在此基础上进行了含气和含水储层的识别。     

The impact of international experience on cultural intelligence: an application of contact theory in a structured short-term programme

The objective of this study is to examine the impact of a short-term international experience, which is designed to address the conditions outlined in Allport’s (Allport, G.W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. New York: Perseus Book Group) contact hypothesis, on each of the four factors which make up cultural intelligence (CQ). A sample of 135 university students was broken up into test and control groups. The results for the test group suggest that the short-term experience ranging from 7 to 12 days within a structured study abroad service programme, including modest pre-trip preparation, found a significant increase in each of the four factors of CQ. At the same time, there was no significant change in the control group. Implications for human research development research and practice as well as limitations and suggested areas for future research are discussed.     

Dynamic network analysis of contact diaries

Analyzing two-mode networks linking actors to events they attend may help to uncover the structure and evolution of social networks. This classic social network insight is particularly valuable in the analysis of data extracted from contact diaries where contact events produce — and at the same time are the product of relations among participants. Contact events may comprise any number of actors meeting at a specific point in time. In this paper we recall the correspondence between two-mode actor–event networks and hypergraphs, and propose relational hyperevent models (RHEM) as a general modeling framework for networks of time-stamped multi-actor events in which the diarist (“ego”) simultaneously meets several of her alters. RHEM can estimate event intensities associated with each possible subset of actors that may jointly participate in events, and test network effects that may be of theoretical or empirical interest. Examples of such effects include preferential attachment, prior shared activity (familiarity), closure, and covariate effects explaining the propensity of actors to co-attend events. Statistical tests of these effects can uncover processes that govern the formation and evolution of informal groups among the diarist’s alters. We illustrate the empirical value of RHEM using data comprising almost 2000 meeting events of former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with her cabinet ministers, transcribed from contact diaries covering her first term in office (1979–1983).     

语言接触与撒拉语的变化

本文根据撒拉语与汉语之间的语言接触情况,分析了撒拉语在词汇、语音、语法等方面所发生的朝着汉语方向发展的趋势,并指出来自于汉语方面的持续而强烈的影响是撒拉语濒危的主要因素。