当前中国流动人口的羊群行为分析

通过对流动人口的大量研究,借助金融界的“羊群行为”理论,从信息获取的角度对当前中国流动人口行为及其规律进行剖析,认为目前我国流动人口中普遍存在着以下四种类型的“羊群行为”,即：亲友团引致性羊群行为,政府性羊群行为和政府引致性羊群行为,基于声誉的羊群行为,自发的盲目跟从性羊群行为。分析指出：流动人口的羊群行为对我国的经济发展和人力资源优化配置既有积极影响又有负面效应,相关部门应该下大力气从不同角度对他们提供帮助：提供信息咨询并帮助正确分析各种信息;积极从政策上进行引导,减少其择业的盲目性;从政府和社会的角度加强对流动人口的服务和管理。对于推动我国流动人口的管理和研究具有一定的理论价值。     

凉山贫困彝区扶志的困难与策略

扶志是把脱贫的信心和志气扶起来,摆脱精神贫困。凉山彝族自治州的贫困彝区由于长期物质缺乏,导致贫困群众精神 层面贫弱, “等、靠、要”的思想严重。凉山地区“扶志”的困难与传统民族文化陋习有关。应该抓住彝族文化特点展开扶志,重 点培养有双语能力的基层干部,把脱贫攻坚的精神融入彝语电影、音乐和壁画,以家庭主要劳动力为重点“扶志”对象。加强贫 困人口精神文明建设,激发内生动力,从根本上打牢脱贫致富的思想基础,防止返贫。     

河南人口增长对经济发展的影响

我国实行计划生育基本国策以来,河南省人口控制取得了积极有效的成果。为了最大限度地利用人口转变带来的人口“红利”和历史机遇,积极应对可能产生的风险和矛盾,促进人口与经济社会协调发展和可持续发展,为全面建设小康社会、实现中原崛起创造良好的人口环境,必须积极探索新时期解决人口与发展问题的新思路、新措施。     

人类学视野中的边缘化穆斯林族群

目前学术界将族群理论引入到我国民族学研究中,给我国民族学、人类学研究提供了新思维、新视角,有助于我国民族学研究的深化和细化。我国边缘化穆斯林族群所表现出的文化特征、族群边界、族群关系及族群认同为这一理论在中国的发展提供了实证个案。特别是边缘化穆斯林在族群互动中所引起的宗教信仰、语言、服饰的变异,说明民族既是一个历史文化现象,又是一个历史发展过程,他不是一经确认就不再发展的事物。     

调适与演进:无文字民族文化传承探析

无文字民族文化传承从传统到现代,历经口头语言、实践记忆、实物图符、文字借用、传媒介质、网络空间等形式,各种传承方式彼此之间交叉互渗,盘根错节,共同呈现和统一于文化"一体"之中。文化传承在不同的生存环境、时代背景或社会技术条件下存在着自我内在的调适机制,并随人类文化的发展永无完结地向前演进。     

构建跨文化传播的伦理规范——以中国香港与大陆一起文化冲突事件为例

摘 自香港回归以来,大陆与香港同胞的交流合作愈加紧密。但由于文化的差异,交际中难免产生误解。加上大众媒体在传播中缺乏伦理导向、对两地文化缺乏深入理解,更容易激发矛盾。文章以哈贝马斯的交往行为理论为框架,并结合跨文化交际学和传播学的理论指导,分析2012年初发生的一起两地文化冲突事件,提倡在“建立共识、促进改变和巩固社会的公众空间”中理性交流,并在宏观文化层面确立一种具有多元化、开放性和主体间性的跨文化伦理。     

乡村振兴背景下民族地区新型城镇化-旅游产业-生态环境协调发展研究——以四川、云南、甘肃、青海四省为研究区域

本文构建四省民族地区新型城镇化-旅游产业-生态环境协调发展评价指标体系,运用耦合协调模型、地理探测器和灰色预测模型展现、分析及预测四省民族地区新型城镇化、旅游产业与生态环境（以下简称“UTE”系统）协调关系及演进过程。研究发现2008-2018年该区域UTE系统协调水平不断优化上升,内部发展不均衡,差距进一步拉大;新型城镇化领先,旅游产业和生态环境滞后是总体特征;经济发展和生态环境改善是制约和影响耦合度的关键因素;未来协调度稳步提升,但演进速度区域差异明显。基于此提出尊重和保护文化环境为四省民族地区的发展基础、加强区域合作、构建区域发展协调保障机制的建议。     

西部民族地区旅游生态补偿政策实施的实践探索

The ethnic regions of Western Chi￣na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re￣sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec￣ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi￣ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi￣ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab￣lishment of an ecological compensation mecha￣nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev￣els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer￣tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit￣imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta￣cles. At present, the core research issue on eco￣logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al￣ready clearly stated in official documents from cen￣tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy￣ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi￣cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi￣bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im￣partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus￣try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi￣cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research￣ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in￣dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al￣though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in￣dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu￣ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen￣sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri￣cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over￣seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re￣search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de￣fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec￣ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re￣gions of Western China, and by especially empha￣sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu￣tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti￣tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic￣tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop￣ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.     

历史时期重庆民族地区的土司制度

土司制度是元明及清前期封建王朝对我国西南、西北等少数民族地区实施的一种管理制度,是从历代“羁縻政策”发展而来。历史时期重庆民族地区土司主要包括石砫马氏土司,酉阳冉氏土司,秀山平茶、邑梅、石耶和地坝四个杨氏土司。重庆土司制度包括职衔制度、承袭制度、升迁制度、惩罚制度、贡赋制度、土兵制度和教育制度等七个方面的内容。探讨历史时期重庆民族地区土司制度,有助于专家学者们更加深入地研究我国元明清时期的土司制度。     

通过科学立法促进民族交往交流交融的法理探讨

在中华民族“多元一体”背景下,加强各民族交往交流交融,是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的必然要求。而通过科学立法建立完备的法律规范体系,则是运用法治思维和法治方式,促进各民族交往交流交融的根本前提。当前我国的民族法律规范体系虽已基本建成,但仍存在一些法律原则的表达不够严谨、法律概念的界定不够准确、法律规则的内容不够明晰和完整、规范体系的结构不够完备和和谐等缺陷和不足,难以满足在政治、经济、文化、社会和生态建设中通过法治方式有效协调民族关系,促进各民族交往交流交融的需要。这就要求立法者应遵循《立法法》确定的科学立法的形式合理性和实质合理性的要求,妥善处理法律规范体系与现实需要的适应性和可执行性,由此才能为通过法治促进各民族交往交流交融奠定坚实的制度基础。从科学立法与依法立法、民主立法的关系来看,遵循依法立法,是保障法的形式合理性的前提;坚持民主立法,则是保障法的实质合理性的根基。为提升立法的科学品质,必须健全违宪审查机制、协商民主机制和立法理论形成机制,确保依法立法、民主立法原则的有效落实。