教育社会学的国际化与本土化

总结关于教育社会学国际化与本土化的三种观点,分析这三种观点的局限性,并努力对教育社会学的国际化与本土化进行合理阐释,以促进我国教育社会学沿着正确轨道合理、健康地发展.     

Island biogeography for an urbanizing world: how extinction and colonization may determine biological diversity in human-dominated landscapes

Urbanization is increasing worldwide with potentially important implications to biological diversity. I show that bird diversity is responsive to the reduction of forest cover associated with urbanization in the Seattle, WA, USA metropolitan area. Bird diversity peaks at intermediate levels of human settlement primarily because of the colonization of intermediately disturbed forests by early successional, native species. Extinction of native forest birds and colonization of settlements by synanthropic birds have lesser effects on the overall pattern of avian diversity with respect to the level of urbanization. However, extinction increases linearly with loss of forest and colonization by synanthropic species decreases curvilinearly with reduction of urbanization. These findings have biological, theoretical, and practical implications. Biologically, intermediate disturbance appears to drive diversity by increasing the heterogeneity of the local land cover. Theoretically, I present a graphical model and use it to derive testable hypotheses about how extinction and colonization are affected by urbanization to determine local diversity. Practically, maintaining high local diversity without reducing regional or global diversity will require planning so that the same landscapes are not promulgated everywhere. This will require cooperation among a diverse group of planners, ecologists, policy makers, home owners, educators, and activists.     

Challenging the Silence of the Mental Health Community on Adoption Issues

As traditional secrecy surrounding adoption has waned, the behavioral sciences, particularly the mental health community, have remained largely silent, particularly on postadoption issues. Reasons for this silence are suggested. Research on adoption is difficult to conduct. The mental health community may desire to see adoption as professional problem-solving and as a favor done to all involved. Problems in adoption thus represent both a failure on the part of those professionals and a favor gone bad. Fear that discussing adoption-related problems will lead to adoption itself being labeled as pathological is also likely operating to support the silence. Privacy issues for the adoptive and birth families are also important. Sexuality and childbirth have long been areas not sufficiently addressed, but with the addition of the illegitimacy common in adoption they are even more controversial. Issues of poverty, powerlessness, social class, and race also are difficult to face, as is the business aspect of adoption. Acknowledging the reasons for the silence may be the first step in addressing it. Other steps, such as continuing education programs and publication of information on postadoption issues are also suggested.     

中国古代文学中心南北移位通览

从先秦到隋唐五代以前 ,中国文学中心基本上定位于以中原为核心的黄河流域 ;从五代十国一直到近代 ,中国文学中心转移到以江浙为核心的长江流域 ,并长期稳定下来。纵观整个文学史 ,中国文学的中心曾经历了三次由北而南的大迁移 ,四次由北而南、又由南而北的大循环 ,从而导致了中国文学的多元化 ,形成了中国文学的不同地域特征及其审美理想 ,促进了南北文学的交流和融合 ,有力地推动了中国文学的不断更新与持续发展     

知识经济背景下澳大利亚博士培养形式多样化研究

当前澳大利亚博士教育领域出现了一个新的特征:博士培养形式多样化。除了通过传统的毕业论文获得博士学位之外,校外哲学博士、专业博士学位、企业参与培养博士以及与国外大学合作培养博士等几种新兴的博士培养方式也获得了较快的发展。本文详细研究了澳大利亚博士培养形式多样化的表现,对其原因进行了归纳和分析,同时指出了影响博士培养形式多样化发展的主要障碍,最后在知识经济背景下对博士培养形式多样化进行了探讨。      

从世界遗产视角看北方民族传统文化价值内涵

中华文化根基深厚,作为中华民族重要组成部分的北方民族,在缔造自己民族的同时,也创造了异常丰富的传统文化,其中有许多已成为珍贵的文化遗产,尤以敦煌莫高窟和秦始皇兵马俑最为突出。在外来强势文化不断的冲击下,加强对北方民族传统文化的发掘和研究,密切关注传统文化的嬗变实属紧迫和重要。     

从普利兹克建筑奖看世界建筑发展趋向

源于对建筑本体的探求 ,建筑史上出现了风格、流派之争 ,普利兹克建筑奖被誉为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖”,从其历届获奖者的建筑主张不难发现 ,现代建筑本体的价值取向始终在感性和理性之间徘徊 ,反现代主义的流派所作的某些尝试也扩大了建筑哲学范畴 ,而探求建筑本体的过程极富有意义 ,通过它可把握建筑学的未来     

Restructuring for Whom? Race,Class, Gender,and the Ideology of Invisibility

This paper examines how changes resulting from economic restructuring affect views of racial inequality across different race, class, and gender groups. First reviewing some of the consequences of restructuring for different race, class, and gender groups, the paper also reviews research documenting the different views of racial inequality held by dominant and subordinate groups. The paper concludes by examining how race-blind ideologies affect discussions of race and multiculturalism and suggests that race-blind thinking has thwarted teaching about structural racism.     

Woody vegetation and canopy fragmentation along a forest-to-urban gradient

To identify patterns that can be used to predict vegetation and landscape characteristics in urban environments, we surveyed the species composition and size of woody plants, as well as the landscape structure of forest canopies, along a forest-to-urban gradient near Oxford, Ohio, USA. The gradient included six sites of increasingly urban land-use: a preserve, a recreational area, a golf course, a residential subdivision, apartment complexes, and a business district. We recorded species identity and stem diameter for all woody plants greater than 3 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) to examine the distribution of individual species as well as overall community composition. We used digitized aerial photographs to compare the spatial characteristics of the forest canopy at each site. We found predictable patterns in species diversity (Shannon index), spatial heterogeneity in species composition (mean percent dissimilarity), and all measures of patch fragmentation (canopy cover and patch number and size). There were clear differences in tree density and total basal area between forested sites and developed sites, but there was little resolution among developed sites. Species richness and average DBH showed no clear pattern, suggesting that landscaping preference largely determined these values. We present a modified version of an intermediate heterogeneity model that can be used to predict diversity patterns in urban areas. We discuss probable mechanisms that led to these patterns and the potential implications for animal communities in urban environments.     

构建中华民族共同体的三个维度

铸牢中华民族共同体意识与构建中华民族共同体本体是中华民族共同体基础性研究的核心问题,可以从国际维度、理论维度、实践维度进行把握,二者的辩证关系揭露了民族工作的现实要求,也是民族学界需要关注的对象。中华民族共同体是在系统总结马克思主义中国化民族理论、“中华民族多元一体格局”、国际共产主义运动中的民族工作成分的基础上,提出的新观点新论断。基于马克思主义经典作家的民族学说、中国民族工作同苏联民族工作和越南民族工作的比较,有助于我们把握社会主义国家构建全民族共同体的必然性、更好地认识中国民族工作和中华民族的特色。