团队虚拟性的维度研究

为了解决不同的虚拟性定义导致无法准确地衡量团队虚拟程度及其对绩效的影响,在分析国外团队虚拟性研究的基础上,提出了虚拟性三维模型:对虚拟工具的依赖程度、沟通的信息丰富度以及团队成员的多样化程度,并分析了三者之间的关系;指出此三维模型对管理理论和实践的影响。     

从“中法文化年”看我国的文化外交

中法互办文化年是中外文化交流史和国际文化交流史上一次有益的成功尝试,也为维护人类文化多样性做出了可贵的贡献。中法互办文化年有利于两国人民的相互了解,有利于东西方文化的交流和共同发展,也有利于宣传中国良好的国家形象。“中法文化年”活动是“中欧文化交流史上的创举”,是一个文化外交的示范,具有里程碑式的意义,但同时它也暴露出了我国在文化外交方面的一些差距和不足:我国的文化外交战略还不成熟;对本民族文化在国际文化体系中的优势定位不明确;对外文化交流缺乏更多的物质内容;缺乏“大文化”的观念。     

协同分集下AF与DF比较

在慢衰落信道中,协同分集是一种新的空间分集方式,其本质是利用分布用户的单天线形成一个虚拟的多天线系统,即形成虚拟MIMO。在其协同方式中,有AF模式和DF模式(编码协同是DF模式的一种特殊情况)。该文针对AF与DF两种基本协同方式进行了详细的比较,并在对称信道和非对称信道下进行了系统的仿真。理论分析和仿真结果表明:在相同的条件下,AF模式相对于DF模式有较大的优势是因为AF模式较DF模式有较大的阵列增益,虽然两者有相同的分集增益,但DF有更大的灵活性。     

非空间的赛博空间与文化多样性

有人说,“赛博空间”是一个新的空间,甚至是日常生活空间、多维物理学之外的第三个空间,因此,要像哥伦布那样发现并占领这个新空间,在这个空间中殖民。其实,网上空间只是真实空间的延长而已。随着互联网的发展,必然会出现一个去除其神秘化的过程。互联网只是一个联结人与人的通信网,在其中存在着的是人的世界,而不是离开人的另一个世界。要走出互联网所构建的这种“太虚幻境”,走出互联网研究者的浪漫情怀,回到真实的空间之中。由此联系到网上文化,其特征只是现实生活中文化特征的表现。只要在现实生活中具有文化的多样性,网上世界的文化多样性就必然会产生和发展。     

Determining the effect of urbanization on generalist butterfly species diversity in butterfly gardens

This study investigates the effects of urbanization on local butterfly populations and the role of butterfly gardens in preserving regional butterfly diversity. Data are from 135 butterfly gardens of varying size, location, and number of blooming plants in the Washington DC metropolitan area observed during 2001 and 2002. We investigated the species diversity for comparable gardens in rural, suburban, and urban locations to determine whether the landscape matrix surrounding otherwise suitable habitat affects the diversity found in the habitat. We hypothesized that, once factors such as garden size and number of blooming plant species were taken into account, butterfly diversity for 12 generalist species would decrease as urbanization increased. We found that there were systematic decreases (with one exception) in diversity from rural to suburban to urban gardens only for medium-sized gardens (0.10 to 0.20 ha) with one to ten types of blooming plants, and large gardens (>0.20 ha) with over 20 types of blooming plants. Gardens of other sizes or plant communities showed some decreases in diversity from rural to suburban to urban sites, but these differences were not consistent across the urban/rural gradient. Results of this study indicate that local butterfly diversity is negatively affected by increasing levels of human population, but that the matrix is just one factor determining generalist species diversity.     

云南少数民族文化自尊的保持和重建

文化变迁是一个永恒的现象。在文化变迁的过程中进行民族文化保护,从本质上说,就是要保持或者重建这个民族的文化自尊。文化自尊是民族文化保护的内在动力。缺乏文化自尊的民族会被动地接受外来影响并逐渐丧失民族个性;文化自尊的先决条件是经济自立。云南少数民族文化自尊的保持和重建,同样体现出这一规律。     

浅议居住区的绿化问题

针对当前城镇建设中较为活跃的居住区建设在规划、设计、施工中较重视硬质景观,而真正对居住环境起着改善作用的绿化,因其受建成速度的限制而得不到重视的问题,提出了居住环境应以绿化为主,应服从生态原则,从设计思想等各个环节予以保证实施的理念.     

"人类纪"新地质时期理论研析之三——"自然选择进化论"还是"生存斗争进化论"

生命的历史是漫长攸久的演替过程表征着植物群落演替进化的周期性特征,即“演替-分化-灭绝-突变-进化”的过程。历经变异多样化、物种形成、适应性族群演替进化、种群散布、转化传递和演替进化。就是通过这一过程,最终导致了现代人类社会的产生。在这一地球历史过程中,生物的进化经历着严峻状态的地球环境,从单细胞生物开始直至高等动物产生,一路历经为生存而艰难挣扎斗争,在斗争中求生存,在生存中力图挣扎前进。为笔者曾提出的“生存斗争进化论”[1]提供了进一步的佐证。     

网络财务系统启用的成本因素及差异研究

网络财务系统是一种复合型信息化管理手段,由于它有特定的环境要求和技术要求,因而在启用中有着较为复杂的成本构成。这些成本构成又会在不同的企业之间因网络财务的使用不同而表现出一定的差异。目前,企业界在总体上对网络财务成本问题还缺乏充分的认识,这不利于企业对网络财务的使用成本进行合理筹划和有效监控,也会使一些准备启用网络财务的企业因担心成本不好掌控而放弃启用。因此,要使网络财务能为企业界广泛接受,深入了解网络财务的使用成本问题是其前提。     

The Determinants and Effects of Board Nomination Committees*

This article assesses the corporate governance-related antecedents of nomination committee adoption, and the impact of nomination committees’ existence and their composition on board independence and board demographic diversity. We conducted a longitudinal study of board composition amongst 210 Swiss public companies from January 2001 through December 2003, a period during which the Swiss (Stock) Exchange (SWX) introduced new corporate governance-related disclosure guidelines. We find firms with nomination committees are more likely to have a higher number of independent and foreign directors, but not more likely to have a higher number of female board members. Further, the existence of nomination committees is associated with a higher degree of nationality diversity but is not related to board educational diversity. We also find that nomination committee composition matters in the nomination of independent and foreign, but not of female directors. Our results suggest that understanding different board roles and composition require a multi-theoretical approach, and that agency theory, resource-dependence theory and group effectiveness theory help to explain different aspects of board composition and effectiveness. Finally, the article discusses the concept of diversity and appropriate ways to study diversity in a boardroom context. * The Editor acknowledges that Hans van Ees, Morten Huse, and Jonas Gabrielsson – convenors of the EURAM (European Academy of Management) Corporate Governance track in 2004 – acted as Co-Editors on this paper.