美国主流文化中的少数民族文化思考——论莫里森小说中的民族文化意识

美国著名黑人女作家莫里森的小说中所体现的对后殖民时代美国少数族裔的文化生存问题,是美国少数民族裔作家们的一个重要思考方向。莫里森小说中展现出的非裔美国黑人在美国这个多元文化熔炉中坚守黑人文化传统的意义,以及在白人主流文化冲击下的黑人文化的觉醒,并最终寻找到在跨民族思维下少数族裔文化生存的策略,充分展示了美国文化的丰富多样性。     

宽带非相干空时频分组编码

基于正交频分多路复用,提出了多个输入和输出天线频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中的非相干空时频分组编码方法。成对错误概率分析表明,将子载波分组与正交空时频编码结合,提出的码能获得最大空间分集和频率分集,且只有较低的编解码复杂性。采用提出的编码方法,系统发射端的编码和接收端的解码都不需要知道信道状态信息,减小了信道估计所带来的系统复杂性。给出了码的设计准则和仿真结果,验证了频率选择性衰落信道中提出码的良好性能。     

Historical Perspectives on Family Studies

This article explores the relationship of historical research to contemporary family studies. Family history was influenced greatly by fields such as sociology and anthropology, leading it to make several contributions to those fields in turn. The continuing collaboration of these disciplines can significantly enrich current family research, practice, and policy making. History's specific contribution lies in its attention to context. Although historical research confirms sociologic and ethnographic findings on the diversity of family forms, for example, it also reveals that all families are not created equal. The advantage of any particular type of family at any particular time is constructed out of contingent and historically variable social relationships. Historical research allows researchers to deepen their analysis of family diversity and family change by challenging widespread assumptions about what is and what is not truly new in family life. Such research complicates generalizations about the impact of family change and raises several methodological cautions about what can be compared and controlled for in analyzing family variations and outcomes.     

Nakagami衰落信道上编码MIMO WCDMA系统性能分析

研究了多址干扰下,MIMOWCDMA系统发射端采用空时分组码和卷积码、接收端采用最大比合并天线分集和软判决译码方案的误码性能。使用Q(x)的另一种数学表达式和信干噪比的矩生成函数,推导了Nakagami-m衰落信道上存在多址干扰以及发射端发射不等功率下,卷积编码系统的成对差错概率和误码性能联合限。讨论了在各种编码方案下空间路径分集接收机的误码性能。数值计算结果表明组合空间分集和卷积编码能显著改善MIMOWCDMA系统的误码性能。分析结果适用于MIMOWCDMA系统的上下行链路。     

文化多样性与文明互补

文章从文化多样性和文明兼容性的角度探讨文明的互补性,从而说明文明的差异不是暴力和冲突的根源,而是互补和创新的基础。并阐述中西文明是两种性质不同的文明,各有所长,也各有所短。差异性较大,互补性也较强。正确认识文明的差异,理解文化的多样性和相对性,增强文明的兼容性和互补性,减弱或消除排他性,使世界不同文明之间取长补短,和谐相处,是保障世界和平和保护文化多样性及各民族非物质文化遗产的前提。     

Effects of capacity on resource input and the aquatic metazoan community structure in phytotelmata

Aquatic metazoan communities in treeholes and bamboo stumps were studied on Tsushima Island, Japan, in March and June in relation to the habitat size and the resouce amount. The amount of leaf detritus increased with an increase in the capacity (volume) of the phytotelma. The input rate of leaves depended upon the opening area of the phytotelma. Twenty-one metazoan inhabitant taxa consisted of 17 dipteran saprophages, a helodid beetle larva, a nematoda, a naidid, and a predator,Toxorhynchites towadensis mosquito larva. Treeholes harbored 17 taxa and bamboo stumps 20; 16 taxa were common in both phytotelmata. The number of taxa and the biomass of metazoa per phytotelma was positively correlated with the capacity. The densities of dominant saprophages such as helodid, chironomid, andCulicoides larvae were positively correlated with the capacity of phytotelmata, and the variation in their abundance contributed much to the variation in the species composition in individual phytotelmata. With an increase in capacity, treeholes harbored more helodids andCulicoides, whereas bamboo stumps harbored more chironomids andDasyhelea. Thus, the amount of resource, species richness and biomass per phytotelma largely depended upon the capacity, and the difference in community structure between treeholes and bamboo stumps was attributable to the differential colonization patterns of different taxa.     

东西部地区社会主义新农村建设的比较与思考

为了阐述社会主义新农村建设的多层次性,采用数据分析和文献分析等方法,分析中国东西部地区新农村建设的同一性和手段的差异性,结论是通过东西部地区城乡关系和工农关系的统计分析,指出东西部地区由于工业化和城市化的基础不同,农村经济发展水平的差异,导致不同地区新农村建设的目标、任务和内容也存在差异,从而为新农村建设特别是西部地区新农村建设政策的制定提供理论依据。     

论信息需求多元化与图书馆藏书建设

信息需求多元化及其呈现的在需求内容、方式、结构上的多元化局面 ,使图书馆读者群变得更加多样 ,论述其对藏书学科、层次结构、时间期限及文献类型结构的影响 ,并提出适应信息需求多元化的图书馆藏书建设对策     

Diversity in America: A sociohistorical analysis

Multiculturalism, while a fairly new term, is not a new social phenomenon despite prevailing beliefs that the United States was culturally homogeneous at its formation. A new concept, the Dillingham Flaw, can explain many misconceptions about the nation's past. Cultural pluralism in the colonial and early national periods was extensive, in many ways surpassing that of the 1990s. Through conceptualization of mainstream/outgroup population proportions and comparative analysis of immigration rates, foreign-born percentages, and racial composition, the diversity of American society is shown to be less today than in past generations. Future projections suggest greater diversity by the mid-21st century, but the nonwhite population has not yet returned to its dimensions of 200 years ago.     

Diversity and equality: Race and class in America

Discussions of diversity, multiculturalism, and democracy often neglect the historical and structural economic and political inequalities embedded in these racial/ethnic/cultural differences among peoples in America. In this article we present a historical materialist analysis of African Americans and other oppressed peoples within the context of capitalist development. The current period of the electronic revolution and the labor displacing technology of the postindustrial era is creating the conditions for the erosion of the reform based social contract, and for heightened degrees of economic and political polarization, often expressed as racial polarization. At the same time, the abundance created by the high technology revolution contains the possibility of realizing equality and democracy for African Americans and for all of the American peoples.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the 1992 annual meetings of the American Sociological Association in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.