深入研究和展示中国北方草原民族的历史 大力推进草原文化开发——第六届中国·内蒙古草原文化主题论坛学术综述

中国·内蒙古草原文化研讨会一直是中国·内蒙古草原文化节的重要组成部分。为进一步整合资源,扩大影响,持续推动草原文化研究深入开展,从2009年开始中国·内蒙古草原文化研讨会改为中国·内蒙古草原文化主题论坛,并将内蒙古文联、内蒙古广电局、内蒙古博物院主持的三个分论坛纳入其中,使之成为平台固定,机制开放,主题多元,形式灵活的重要专题学术论坛。第六届中国·内蒙古草原文化主题论坛主题为:草原文化与蒙古族文化。本文将从蒙古族文化与草原文化、草原文化与文学艺术、蒙古族民族电影发展、草原考古文化四个方面,对此次论坛取得的主要学术成果进行综述。此次论坛将对今后深入研究和展示中国北方草原民族的历史贡献,大力推进草原文化开发产生积极的影响。     

公共政策在治沙还草中导向功能的探讨——关于内蒙古兴安盟科右中旗“退牧还草”实施情况的考察

“双退”政策作为一定时期政策主体所制定的整体目标和行为准则,对我国生态文明建设起着至关重要的导向作用。在沙化现象严重且经济较为落后的地区,只有将经济和生态结合才是适合中国沙化治理的出路。政府有关部门应充分发挥公共政策的导向功能,提高公共决策的科学性、合理性,适时调整经济运行中的各种利益关系,加大对退牧还草的政策扶持力度,提高补助标准,延长补助年限,使之更加贴近实际,更加符合建设生态文明的实际。     

考察草原丝绸之路的法国人

草原丝绸之路与西域戈壁绿洲丝绸之路、西南丝绸之路与海上丝绸之路,形成了举世闻名的丝路网络中的四大交通干线,是沟通中国与俄罗斯、南西伯利亚、中亚与西方的交通大道,经历了兴衰和再复兴的过程。本文选择了法国的几名探险家、地质学家、外交官和传教士对草原丝路的考察略作介绍。     

关于新疆草地资源保护的实证分析

该文主要研究新疆草地资源保护中的草地退化问题,从制度、技术、市场等方面分析了其原因,并在此基础上提出了新疆草地资源保护的对策,即进行制度创新、技术创新和市场引导等。     

退耕还林政策效率与农户激励的博弈均衡分析

中国政府为了改善生态环境,在全国推行了退耕还林政策,一部分农民因此放弃种粮转而种植林木,伴随而来产生了退耕农户的自身经济利益与政府的生态效益目标相互冲突问题,形成农户与政府在经济利益与生态效益间的一个博弈均衡过程。在政策的执行过程中,退耕还林政策执行的效率好坏与激励农户退耕还林的积极性息息相关,因此政府为追求生态环境的改善,应多从退耕农户的切身经济利益方面加以考虑。     

Phytosociological analysis of restored and managed grassland habitat within an urban national park

Floyd Bennett Field (FBF), 579 ha in extent, is a division of Gateway National Recreation Area. It is the site of a former airfield, constructed by filling salt marshes with dredged materials. Except for the portion known locally as the North Forty, all sections of FBF have been cut over to maintain low vegetation. A grassland management plan (GRAMP) for 165 ha was initiated in 1986, to maintain habitats for open-country birds. Over the next few years, encroaching woody vegetation was removed manually and mechanically from the management area. Since then, it has been maintained as a grassland and receives annual mowing, as well as continued manual removal of the larger woody sprouts.A portion of the GRAMP management area (III) was selected for intensive study of vegetation composition. A grid system was created and vegetation cover was estimated in 127, 1 m × 1 m quadrats. The quadrats were subjected to cluster analysis (CA). Eleven clusters were recognized. These clusters were treated as plant associations. The following types were distinguished: (native) little bluestem–dewberry grassland, six-weeks fescue annual grassland, a grass marsh, a rush marsh, a switchgrass dry grassland, and a deer-tongue panicgrass grassland; (exotic) mugwort herbland, oriental bittersweet-Japanese honeysuckle vineland, Kentucky bluegrass-mixed grassland, Japanese knotweed tall herbland, and spotted knapweed-common St. Johnswort herbland. The little bluestem–dewberry association accounted for nearly half of all quadrats; six subclusters were recognized. The plant associations determined by CA were compared with plant lists compiled during traverses of all of the map categories in the six GRAMP Areas (I, II, III, IV, V, VI). A table was created to relate the quantitative data of the plant associations to the appropriate map categories. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination (NMDS) was performed on the quadrat data. Finally, the plant associations were compared with those described in the literature of local vegetation studies. The mowing program has been effective in decreasing woody plant cover and has permitted the invasion of a few taxa into monospecific communities, but attendant disturbance of the substrate is likely to cause an increase in exotic plant taxa. As earlier studies noted, mowing has caused the increase in cover of sod-forming grass, and bare ground has virtually disappeared in the managed area. This has negative implications for the maintenance of those grassland bird species that require open ground for nesting.     

阿拉善草原信仰伊斯兰教的蒙古族穆斯林

蒙古族穆斯林,主要居住在内蒙古阿拉善左旗东北部的罕乌拉、巴彦浩特等苏木和镇,人口有两千多人。他们的生产方式基本同于蒙古族,以放牧为主,但信仰伊斯兰教。他们参加喇嘛教的各种庙会、经会及祭敖包活动,但他们只承认是穆斯林。本文着重对蒙古族穆斯林的历史来源、伊斯兰教在阿拉善左旗蒙古族穆斯林中的传播与发展、民族认同进行探讨。