Acquired immunity: immunosenescence and physical activity

Several lines of evidence indicate that infectious diseases, cancer, and autoimmune disorders occur more frequently in elderly people, thus suggesting that altered function of immune organs and cells, such as thymus and T and B lymphocytes are of primary importance in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Furthermore, old subjects are less responsive to vaccine than younger because of immune changes. The most common changes accompanying the adaptive immune system include decrement of T and B cells proliferation, repertoire degeneracy, increase of the memory cell type, decreased numbers of naive cells, and shift from T helper₁ (Th1) to T helper₂ (Th2) response. Regular exercise in the elderly may improve the alterations in acquired immunity which follow the physiological process of aging, allowing a major resistance against external pathogens and a better quality of life.     

Moderater methodologischer Holismus

Zusammenfassung Der Aufsatz nimmt eine undeutlich gebliebene anti-reduktionistische Tendenz der Weberschen Soziologie auf, Handlungs- und Ordnungsebene gleichberechtigt nebeneinander zu stellen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird vorgeschlagen, die methodologische Position eines moderaten Holismus als ad?quaten Standpunkt für das Weber-Paradigma anzunehmen. Er verbindet eine Ontologie begrenzt holistischen Charakters mit dem individualistischen Makro-Mikro-Makro-Modell der Erkl?rung, das sich aber im Detail von dem Modell in der Version Hartmut Essers unterscheidet. Der moderate methodologische Holismus wird von drei anderen methodologischen Positionen auf der Grundlage neuerer emergenztheoretischer überlegungen unterschieden und am Beispiel der Protestantischen Ethik und der Weberschen Herrschaftssoziologie als Hintergrund eines ad?quaten Erkl?rungsmodells vorgestellt. Weiterhin wird demonstriert, dass jede Handlungstheorie im Sinne Webers mit dem Prinzip „Gründe als Ursachen“ eine holistische Grundorientierung besitzt, die konsequenter Weise auf der Ordnungsebene nicht auβer Kraft gesetzt werden sollte. Diese Version des Weber-Paradigmas hat eine ontologisch begründete N?he zu einer historisch und empirisch ausgerichteten Soziologie.      

The love bug and the melancholic drag queen or a reflection on the cultural/political “grounds” of subjects as sexual

The notion of the subject and its formation has long been at the centre of discussion in critical theory. Identity discourse constructed a passive subject made up of qualities such us gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity and age. Poststructuralist thought on the other hand invested its critical mind in producing a mobile subject, one that is both the product and the producer of practices, power and processes. While identity discourse put qualities such as “sex” at the centre of its analysis of subject formation and produced a sexual subject, poststructuralist thought emphasised “bodies and pleasure” and produced the subject as sexual. This article addresses the formation of the subject as sexual through an everyday practice that forms a dominant part of our contemporary computerised era, namely that of the opening of an e‐mail. It reads the effects of the “Love Bug”, the e‐mail that infected millions of computer systems on the 4th of May 2000, so as to assess the extent it produces a different subject sexual than the one already promoted in poststructuralist thought. Butler’s notion of “gender performativity” (a dominant concept in relation to the subject as sexual) and her allegory of the melancholic drag queen are evaluated through ?i?ek’s critique and the example of the “Love Bug” e‐mail. This produces a different reading of the subject as sexual: one that understands sexual pleasure as being at the foundations of subject formation.     

Supervision und Coaching als interne Beratungsangebote in der Bundesagentur für Arbeit

Supervision and coaching as internal consulting in a great public administrationThe author describes the process of the implementing of supervision, coaching and practise discussion in a great public administration. The difficulties of such an intention are shown, which appear, if an organization has no experiences with these formats and the decision makers have no background knowledge. Furthermore it is explained by which measures an institutional anchorage was possible. Because the process is not finished yet, a view of further developments is given.     

Zugänge eröffnen,Verstehen ermöglichen

Opening approaches and understanding. Reflections about parish counselling and organizational development in the parish communityAny process of changes within a church community or parish needs counselling and organizational development. People working in institutionalized parish guidance are biased by the system, therefore parish guidance is limited in its effects. Counselling by profit organizations often fail their task. Theses organizations provoke resistance by unreflected entering of hermeneutics strange to the cultural understanding. It is necessary to get acceptance and understanding concerning motivation and values of honorary members of the parish board. On this a trusting alliance of work is based on.     

"风水"学说与贵德地理环境

本文阐述“风水”学说形成的历史源渊 ,“风水”学包含的内容 ,以及“风水”学在贵德县地理环境的实际运用     

基于带跳时变系数模型的PPI与CPI相关性研究

2008年以来,我国PPI与CPI走势出现了多次背离与分化,从整体上看,两者相关性很弱。但从动态视角来看,由于相关关系可能会因时而变,整体相关性有可能被关系本身的方向和强弱变化所削弱甚至掩盖。为准确反映两者相关性的动态变化,本文放宽时变系数函数的光滑性假设,提出了带跳时变系数模型,并给出一种非参数三步估计方法：首先,估计系数函数中跳点的位置和个数;然后,基于估计的跳点和Bootstrap方法选择的窗宽给出系数函数的最终估计;最后,利用蒙特卡洛模拟评价本文提出的非参数估计和窗宽选择方法的有限样本性质。通过对2008年1月至2017年12月我国PPI和CPI月度同比数据的实证分析,我们发现该模型能较好地刻画PPI与CPI相关性的时变和带跳特征,进而也验证了该模型的应用价值。     

艺术符号对语言符号言说困境的超越——苏珊·朗格的艺术符号美学解读

语言符号之所以难以言说情感,决定于它具有线条性、历史文化性和概括性特点;艺术符号因与情感形式具有逻辑上的类似,它可以呈现感情和情绪活动的本质和结构.造型艺术符号直接作用于人的感官,给人以感性刺激,所传达的情感比语言符号宽泛含蓄得多;乐音的运动形式因与人的内在情感运动有着惊人的相似,音响艺术符号最适于表达人内心不可言说的动态的情感世界;语言艺术符号虽不具有直接的现实性,但它也可以将本身不具形体、难以捕捉的心理活动转化为使人能够感知的艺术形象,而且还可以创造出现实生活中不可能有的新奇景象.     

Determinanten der Sportaktivität und der Sportart im Lebenslauf

This paper investigates the impact of social class, occupational and family life-course, relocation, age, generation and gender on exercise. Longitudinal, life course-oriented analysis enables identification of the (often diverse) conditions for (re-)uptake and discontinuation of exercise. The paper takes a detailed look at different types of exercise, enabling exploration of the various motivating influences and barriers involved. The database is a retrospective representative survey of the 50 to 70 year old population of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The results show that higher educational qualifications are associated with higher levels of exercise, whereas manual labor and – among women – childcare are associated with lower levels of exercise. With respect to the impact of education, cultural rather than economic capital seems to be the determining influence. Other factors – (un-)employment, partnership, relocation, age and cohort – tend to have more complex effects on exercise. Though being a member of the workforce reduces the likelihood of starting to exercise, it also reduces the likelihood of dropping out. Though partnership encourages the dissemination of exercise, initiation of a relationship is also associated with a higher incidence of discontinuation. Relocation prompts both initiation and discontinuation of exercise. Surprisingly, up to the over-50 age group, increasing age is associated with an increased prevalence of physical activity, especially among women. The results of analysis of social differences in terms of types of physical activity can be used in health programs to provide scientifically founded recommendations for the promotion of specific types of physical activity for lower educational groups, seniors, and other social groups whose lifestyle tends to be inactive.     

乡村现代化进程中的人文环境培育

乡村人文环境培育不仅是乡村社会发展人文价值导向的必然要求 ,更是乡村社会发展现实的迫切需要。社会人文环境是以人文精神为核心动力的现实文化氛围 ,人类社会任何实质性进展都离不开人文精神的支撑。应充分认识人文环境培育的重要性并采取措施努力培育乡村人文环境 ,不断增加乡村社会发展的人文价值内涵 ,激发村民从事乡村建设的热情与创造性 ,从而为乡村社会现代化提供和谐的社会氛围与持续性的精神文化动力