The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell theorem for the lasso and the ridge regression

The Frisch–Waugh–Lovell (FWL) (partitioned regression) theorem is essential in regression analysis. This is partly because it is quite useful to derive theoretical results. The lasso regression and the ridge regression, both of which are penalized least-squares regressions, have become popular statistical techniques. This article describes that the FWL theorem remains valid for these penalized least-squares regressions. More precisely, we demonstrate that the covariates corresponding to unpenalized regression parameters in these penalized least-squares regression can be projected out. Some other results related to the FWL theorem in such penalized least-squares regressions are also presented.     

Interkulturelles Training

With proceeding internationalization and globalization of society the demands of working life have changed in the last decades. To meet these demands executives and professionals cooperating with foreign partners abroad or in Germany need the central key qualification of intercultural competence. This important key qualification does not evolve automatically from intercultural experiences, but has to be acquired during an extensive learning process, which is mainly organized in intercultural trainings. This text first describes what intercultural competence is and how it is developed. Based on scientific findings on developmental stages of intercultural competence central aspects of intercultural trainings are covered in detail. Objectives and methods of various intercultural training formats are outlined to illustrate the conceptualization and outcomes of learning effective trainings. The text concludes with future developments of intercultural training in the light of expatriates facing increasing demands regarding the quality of their work. Trainee groups will become more culturally heterogeneous, more trainings will be needed that moderate acculturation processes while staying abroad, training contents and methods have to be adapted according to local customs, modern information technology will play a major role, and family members coming along have to be involved in the training process.     

胡风文艺理论中的黑格尔因素

胡风与黑格尔之间呈现出一种复杂的历史关系。一方面,在文艺领域,胡风确实继承了黑格尔的某些哲学思想,这种继承使胡风的文艺思想在整个左翼文艺阵营中具有另类的风格。这在“事实”与“价值”的分立及其理论文本的“认识的魅力”、“黑格尔式的论证”等方面体现出来。另一方面,在意识深处,胡风对黑格尔式的哲学方式是予以“反抗”的。     

A two phases queueing system with Bernoulli vacation schedule under multiple vacation policy

This paper deals with a single server Poisson arrival queue with two phases of heterogeneous service along with a Bernoulli schedule vacation model, where after two successive phases service the server either goes for a vacation with probability p (0≤p≤1) or may continue to serve the next unit, if any, with probability q(=1−p). Further the concept of multiple vacation policy is also introduced here. We obtained the queue size distributions at a departure epoch and at a random epoch, Laplace Stieltjes Transform of the waiting time distribution and busy period distribution along with some mean performance measures. Finally we discuss some statistical inference related issues.     

“路径依赖”:对农村改革的思考

回顾农村２０年的制度变迁及改革创造的巨大绩效,以家庭联产承包制、乡镇企业和村民自治为主线,可以寻见改革存在路径,即：扩大农民自主权。从经济社会系统的“复杂性”理论角度看,“扩大自主权”这一基层进化的经验经由系统的作用形成了自下而上的组织创新,有助于组织群体的系统转换具有路径依赖性,并以路径效应──政府与农民的互动（自下而上的自发创造与自上而下的自觉选择的互动发展）──拓展积聚了由农民个体自主权扩增而导致的农村社会整体发展效应。现实地看,这一路径必将成为实现农村、农业、农民“三农”现代化的最动态的增效源泉。     

论周恩来的人才观及其现实意义

系统全面地阐明了周恩来对人才培养的目的、标准、途径的观点 ;具体阐述了周恩来爱才如命 ,求贤若渴的精神和培养人才的基本途径。分析了学习周恩来的人才观对培养跨世纪人才的重要意义     

试论企业技术创新激励与约束机制

由于缺乏有效的企业技术创新的激励机制和约束机制,致使相当部分国有企业缺乏创新的热情和责任,不能成为技术创新的主体,激励机制与约束机制是企业技术创新的动力机制,只有尽快建立相对完善的激励机制和约束机制,才能保证企业技术创新活动的健康发展.     

汉语方言中的?音

?音在汉语方言中分布广泛,自西向东形成一条“?音走廊”.汉语方言的?音从音系结构上可分为音位型和音素型,从分布区域可分为核心区和非核心区.?音标应被纳入到国际音标表内,其发音方法和语音性质须得到准确定位.     

胡乔木晚年对社会主义问题的新思考

胡乔木晚年 ,面对中国和世界的现实 ,不断地探讨社会主义的一些重大理论问题 ,提出了很多具有重要价值的观点。这不仅在“文革”后的特定历史条件下对于人们从过去盛行的“左”的错误中摆脱出来起了重要作用 ,而且今天也有助于我们更好地理解什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义等一系列重大问题 ,更重要的是从中我们能得到一些研究方法的启示