基于学习曲线的ERP实施培训时间决策模型

通过分析ERP项目的特点,将学习曲线引入到ERP实施的研究中,基于学习曲线理论刻画企业的工作效率随项目时间变化的规律.在此基础上,将ERP项目抽象为前期的培训和后期的具体实施两个阶段,以项目实施周期和咨询成本最小为目标,建立ERP实施培训时间决策模型,通过培训时间控制并预测ERP项目的整体周期,进一步利用遗传算法对模型进行优化求解.为区分信息化基础不同的企业在项目初期工作效率的差异,在模型中加入初始工作效率这一变量,通过企业的信息化基础水平间接地测算企业的初始工作效率;结合行为导向的实证研究结果,在模型中限定培训时间的取值范围,解决多个近似解之间的取舍问题.案例研究表明,模型在实际应用中可以起到较好的优化和预测效果,能够为企业制定ERP项目计划和投资预算提供决策支持.     

道德约束环境下的Nash实施

探讨了代理人发送信号的成本对社会选择规则可实施性的影响,证明了在存在道德约束的实施环境中,单调性不再是一个社会选择规则可Nash实施的必要条件。当代理人数量大于2时,满足一致性条件的社会选择规则都是可Nash实施的。当代理人数量等于2,满足交叉性条件和一致性条件的社会选择规则是可Nash实施的。结论表明:在实际的实施问题中,社会选择规则可实施的范围可能远远大于预期,在存在道德约束的实施环境中,一些不满足单调性但却满足一致性条件的社会选择规则,如Pareto规则都是可Nash实施的。     

A GIS-Based Framework for Hazardous Materials Transport Risk Assessment

This article presents a methodology for assessment of the hazardous materials transport risk in a multicommodity, multiple origin-destination setting. The proposed risk assessment methodology was integrated with a Geographical Information System (GIS), which made large-scale implementation possible. A GIS-based model of the truck shipments of dangerous goods via the highway network of Quebec and Ontario was developed. Based on the origin and destination of each shipment, the risk associated with the routes that minimize (1) the transport distance, (2) the population exposure, (3) the expected number of people to be evacuated in case of an incident, and (4) the probability of an incident during transportation was evaluated. Using these assessments, a government agency can estimate the impact of alternative policies that could alter the carriers' route choices. A related issue is the spatial distribution of transport risk, because an unfair distribution is likely to cause public concern. Thus, an analysis of transport risk equity in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario is also provided.     

运营滞后与信用担保互换下的项目投资决策模型

在项目投资面临运营滞后以及债务融资约束的情形下,基于实物期权框架构建了企业家签订信用担保互换契约的两阶段投资决策模型。运用动态规划以及均衡定价方法,给出了企业家股权及期权价值的显示表达,得到了两个阶段担保成本满足的代数方程,并进一步分析了运营滞后和信用担保下企业家的最优投资决策问题。数值结果表明：外部运营时滞会提高杠杆率,导致企业家提前投资,同时会提高企业家第一阶段债务融资的担保成本,但会降低第二阶段债务融资的担保成本;随第一阶段投资额度逐渐增大,企业家的最优投资水平呈U型变化,第一阶段债务融资时的担保成本单调递减,而第二段债务融资时的担保成本呈现倒U型;企业家两个阶段的融资缺口对项目最优投资水平、最优破产水平以及担保成本有显著影响。     

基于模仿者动力学模型的外在制度实施过程研究

外在制度在大群体组织中的实施是个复杂的过程.这一过程中,组织成员的理性程度较低而且行为相似,较适合用对称的模仿者动力学模型来分析.外在制度虽具有一定的自实施功能,但实施过程中实施者的主动性和创造性也很重要.借助于模型和案例分析,实施者可在现实中通过适当操作来控制实施环境,增强外在制度的实施效果.     

RFID and Operations Management: Technology,Value, and Incentives

As RFID technology matures and organizations seek to deploy it in their business operations, a basic objective in the endeavor is that of extracting business value from the technology. This paper examines three dimensions of the value proposition of RFID and attempts to identify areas for further investigation. The first dimension consists of the generic architecture of RFID implementations and the drivers of value that can result from its components. The second consists of measurement issues associated with quantification of value. Since the complete benefits of RFID will only result when multiple independent organizations deploy the technology and coordinate the resulting information flows, the third dimension addresses incentives for achieving that diffusion. The collection of issues identified through this exercise offers an initial roadmap to view ongoing research and recognize additional problems for further investigation.     

Democratic Implications of Public Organizations

The author suggests a Weberian methodology, based on theories of democracy and organization, for assessing normative implications of public organizations. How different organizational models contribute to (re)create democracy and legitimacy is scrutinized with reference to a Swedish IT program. The conclusion is that a system management organization will be an appropriate choice for dealing with tame problems, but it will at the same time promote an elitist democratization. In contrast, a development organization will be more appropriate in dealing with complex problems, and it will most likely promote discursive democratization.     

Deliberate simple rule creation and use: Activities and challenges

Using ‘simple rules’ may enable managers to take organizational decisions more rapidly. While prior research presents advantages of simple rule use during strategy formation, we lack insights into how firms can deliberately create simple rules and mitigate the challenges during strategy implementation. This is particularly interesting for established firms struggling to leverage their wealth of experience. We explore how managers of a multinational corporation deliberately create and use simple rules to implement the firm's growth strategy. Drawing on interviews and secondary data, we reveal the activities through which managers ensure the relevance and legitimacy of codified simple rules, yet also establish causality between simple rules and outcomes. Simple rule creation is accomplished via bottom-up identification and lateral validation, its use via consistent top-down guiding and timely adaptation. Our findings contribute to the growing body of research on the evolution of simple rules and aspects of strategy implementation more generally.     

高校思想政治教育执行场域构成与优化研究

高校思想政治教育政策执行场域过程化要素包括政策制定层与政策本身,实施层与政策工具选择,行动者位置关系构成的执行客观关系网络,大学生及其身处的思想政治教育场域、资本、惯习等。其制度化要素包括规制性要素、规范性要素、文化—认知性要素及符号系统、关系系统、惯例和人工器物。高校各部门已经形成高密度、高中心实施网络,网络可达性强,形成了核心工作网络体系。但在全场域构建、场域融合和政策工具丰富度方面仍存在问题,需要从宏观、中观和微观层面统筹场域建设优化,推动场域融合,形成协同实施效果,通过机制化、日常化及项目优化形成好惯习。     

Reproducibility of clinical data I: continuous outcomes

Across a variety of clinical settings, repeated measurements on an individual, obtained under identical circumstances, often differ from one another. This implies the measurements lack perfect reproducibility. Topics related to reproducibility of clinical measurements are introduced in this paper. In this first of two parts, continuous outcomes are addressed. The intraclass correlation coefficient, ρ, has been the traditional coefficient of reproducibility for continuous outcomes. The importance of ρ regarding observations on an individual, and observations among populations, is outlined. Estimation and inferential procedures for ρ are reviewed and worked examples are provided. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.