应用计算机图像处理技术测量圆管外冰层轮廓

介绍了计算机图像处理技术的系统组成和基本操作过程，提出并应用了提高测量图像质量的具体措施．运用该方法测量、处理并获得了不同试验条件下的圆管外和三肋片管外冰层轮廓变化图像．运用这些图像，可以定量地研究在自然对流条件下，矩形空间内管外冰层轮廓和冰层断面积的变化规律．研究结果表明，计算机图像采集和处理技术是确定固液相变界面轮廓的一种较成功的方法．     

信念、权威与制度选择——基于中国人民公社制度的思考

关于制度选择的决定因素及其选择机理的分析,以往的视角主要集中在技术结构、资源禀赋和文化方面,这种解释的最大缺陷是对人的作用重视不足。该文借助于中国“人民公社制度”选择的逻辑分析,构造了一个内生信念与权威的模型,系统论述了制度选择的机理。文章的观点是,任何一项制度的选择都是为了其特定的功能,制度选择的决定因素是个人信念和权威;个人信念经过主导集团的认可、加工与宣传,最终成为社会信念,以社会信念为基础的制度选择过程是不同利益集团的博弈过程。     

Examining the Nursing Home Physical Environment Through Policy-Driven Culture Change

A critical need exists to challenge approaches to nursing home care due to rigid organizational factors and hospital-like culture. It has been argued that resident care needs to move toward a person-centered approach by addressing the organizational, social, and physical environments in nursing home facilities, a process often known as culture change. In response to this need, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has created funding for pay for performance (P4P) nursing home incentive programs to allow nursing home providers to receive CMS reimbursements for culture change in the facilities. Through care staff interviews, site observations, and a document review, this qualitative study assesses the impact of a Midwestern state P4P incentive program in three participating nursing homes. Using an environment and behavior (E-B) policy orientation framework, this study examines culture change through a focus on policy, the physical environment, place attachment, and social and psychological processes in the study settings.     

Heating up the debate? Measuring fragmentation and polarisation in a German climate change hyperlink network

Research into polarisation on the internet has so far primarily focused on contentious issues and yielded contradictory results. Shifting the focus to a non-contentious setting, this article combines community detection with brokerage analysis and exponential random graph models to assess the degree of polarisation at different levels of a German hyperlink network on climate change. Although homophily accounts for a moderate degree of polarisation at the top level of the network, the communities reveal that other factors prove more decisive in shaping its structure and the article thus contributes to a more refined understanding of the nature of online polarisation.     

Family Therapy and the Pedagogy of the Oppressed: Therapeutic Use of Songs in Apartheid South Africa

A central issue for family therapy is the critical question of how to define its role in influencing social change. Family therapy has tended to focus on how to liberate and empower individual clients, not communities, from the travails of tradition. This article highlights social change mechanisms implemented by the oppressed majority in South Africa during the apartheid period. It draws inspiration from the pedagogy of the oppressed articulated by Steve Biko and other members of his generation. This enabled the Black majority in South Africa ‘to name their world by reflecting on their conditions, imagining a better world, and then taking action to create it’ (Freire, 1968, p. 253) through the use of revolutionary songs that resulted in the collapse of the cruel apartheid system. The implications for family therapy are discussed.     

Critical Reflections on the March for Science

Using MacKendrick (2017) as a springboard, this essay explores the March for Science as an example of social mobilization. I lay out some concerns regarding the use of this tactic as a response to attacks on science and suggest some ways sociology could contribute to the development of more efficacious actions to address the denigration of scientific knowledge.     

The Transnational Tilt of the Treadmill and the Role of Trade Openness on Carbon Emissions: A Comparative International Study, 1965–2010

There are various schools of thought regarding the relationship between the environment and economy. Ecological modernization argues that the harmful effects of economic growth and development on the environment decline through time, whereas the treadmill of production and ecologically unequal exchange postulate different perspectives. This study relies on World Bank and World Resources Institute data for the period of 1965–2010. Time‐series cross‐sectional Prais‐Winsten (PW) regression models with panel‐corrected standard errors (PCSE) are employed to examine whether economic growth and trade openness intensified or decoupled in relation to three measures of carbon dioxide (CO₂₎ emissions during this period. The findings of this study indicate that there has been a “tilt” in the treadmill of production—that is, the most environmentally degrading production processes have moved to less developed countries. Furthermore, integration into the world economy has been associated with an intensification in CO₂ emissions for less developed countries. Surprisingly, however, this phenomenon does not seem to be driven by exports sent to high‐income nations, suggesting that there are mechanisms embodied within the global organization of production that require further exploration.     

论转型期中国政府职能制度变迁的条件初探

制度变迁是人们追求自己利益的规则选择,这种机制的发生是需要一定条件的。用马克思主义的观点来分析,就是事物的发展是一个矛盾的过程,这些矛盾就构成了事物发展的条件（动力）。文章通过对政府职能制度变迁发生的条件的系统分析,进而对处于转型期中国政府职能的制度变迁的条件作了深刻的剖析,以期对中国政府职能的转变具有借鉴意义。     

生物灾害的防治与社会变迁——青海省东部牧区的个案分析

在社会变迁的大背景下,青海牧区频发的鼠虫灾害是生态环境日趋恶化的产物,是由于人类不恰当的活动所造成的生态灾难的一种表现形式。因此,牧区鼠虫灾害的防治,还需要从保持和维护生物多样性的高度,以科学的发展观为指导,通过科技创新,建立和完善生态补偿机制等具有针对性的举措,以实现人、社会与自然的协调发展。唯此,才能从根本上解决鼠虫等生物灾害的历史难题。