网络对大学生政治社会化影响实证研究

对7所高校1 300多名大学生的问卷调查显示,网络对大学生政治社会化具有一定影响,学生政治社会化状况随其上网频率不同而不同。主要体现在:政治知识方面,高频率上网者对时事知识的掌握程度较好;政治价值倾向方面,高频率上网者在国家民族意识方面与其他频率上网者无差别,但其对政府和现行政策认同程度明显偏低;政治参与倾向方面,高频率上网者相对其他频率上网者而言参与态度较消极,对表达意见的途径了解较少,在政治效能认识上比较悲观,权利和义务意识比较薄弱。因此,需要加强网络监管和网络建设,克服网络对青年的消极影响,完善网络媒体政治社会化功能。     

论当代恐怖主义的政治特点

政治目的性是恐怖主义的本质特征之一。但由于政治本身的复杂性,所以恐怖主义的政治特点也较难把握。恐怖主义的政治目的在性质上表现为某些政治利益的代表,但如果进行具体的分析又会发现其政治目的性质往往是比较模糊,而且当代恐怖主义政治目的的内涵和外延都在扩展,特别是在向社会领域扩展,所以在内容上就表现出较强的复合性。而在暴力手段和政治目的关系上,暴力破坏正在逐步成为政治目的的内容之一。     

苏联专家事件与中国国内政治

在华苏联专家曾是中苏经济关系的纽带.然而随着20世纪50年代中苏关系的恶化和中国国内政策的左转,苏联专家在中国"大跃进"的特殊年代里已无用武之地.与此同时,中国已培养出一大批可以代替苏联专家的人才.中共已做好了应付突发事件的心理准备.苏联专家的撤走和中国自力更生口号的提出,标志着新中国自此改变了依靠苏援发展中国经济的方针.     

士在人间:中国传统贤能政治的哲学表达

“聚贤能而治天下”是中国传统治国理念的显著特征,是具有中国特色的政治形态。这类“贤能”人物的世间生活状态,是由俊杰成为贤能的修炼之路,其生活态度也是“贤能”影响他人的重要途径。贤能政治的生活哲学理论可以分为四个方面:一是人性论方面强调以德为上,总体向善;二是世界观方面讲究天人合一,和谐共生;三是社会观方面提倡德位相配,差等有序;四是人生观方面强调达人济世,积极有为。这些哲学在世间的表达方式,共同诠释了中国传统贤能政治世俗存在的哲学形态。     

司马谈论道家的尚简政治思想

司马谈是西汉时期的史学家、思想家和大学者.他对先秦诸子百家的学说作过深入研究,其成果集中体现在《论六家要指》一文之中.司马谈从"务为治"即把六家学说定性为治理国家的政治学说发论,把道家的政治思想与阴阳、儒、名、墨、法等五家的政治思想作了区分和比较.他认为,道家吸收了其他五家的长处,又没有五家的短处,比较明确地把道家无为政治思想概括为简易政治思想,形成了道家独特的简易政治思想风格.司马谈虽然论的是道家,但主要讲的是老子.     

问责-避责关系新解：基于“行动-制度-环境”框架

问责与避责间的关系是责任政治研究的重要议题,其中,问责导致避责的机制亟待探究。以X县早稻生产政策过程为例,基于“行动-制度-环境”的分析框架,探讨上级问责与基层避责之间的关系机制。研究发现：基层干部避责行为是上级问责制度与基层社会环境共同作用的结果,是作为责任者的基层干部面对上级问责压力和农民抗拒压力的理性选择。为贯彻落实非粮化整治政策,上级通过责任分配、责任考核和督查问责制度,给基层干部施加了巨大的早稻生产责任压力。而农民在长期的生产历史过程中已经形成了以中稻种植模式为主导的、较为稳定的生产秩序,拒不执行早稻生产政策。承受双重压力的基层干部只能采取责任兜底的属地化机制、利益交换的市场化机制和联合避责的科层化机制来规避上级问责风险。作为行动者的基层干部运用自由裁量权,通过隐匿信息、集体负债等方式,在一定程度上改变了既有的制度-环境,再造了基层治理结构。     

Assimilation vs. multiculturalism: Views from a community in France

A recent American survey of attitudes toward societal multiculturalism vs. assimilation has found surprisingly widespread support for maintaining heritage cultures not only among immigrant minority groups but also among most subsamples of majority host groups, black and white. Working-class whites are the one exception. This pilot study explores the same attitude domain in a contrasting European setting. Randomly selected samples of middle- and working-class families (a mother, father, and teenage son or daughter) from a small city in France were interviewed. As a group, they were neutral to slightly favorable to immigrants maintaining heritage cultures and languages rather than losing them through assimilation. On measures of attitudes toward specific immigrant groups, there were marked intergroup dyfferunces with Maghrebian Arabs rated leist favorably and Southeast Asians, the model immigrants, most favorably. Comparisons of subgroups of respondents who varied in terms of (a) political left-right orientation, (b) social class standing, (c) degree of religiosity, and (d) generational level provide the base for a more general discussion of cultural assimilation and multiculturalism.     

The Limitations and Opportunities of Business Process Re-engineering in a Politicized Organizational Climate

This paper is concerned with the organizationalchange and project management issues raised by theimplementation of a business process re-engineering(BPR) approach in the politicized hospital context. This is a report of research in progress,focusing on the issues arising at the problem definitionand project planning stages of a BPR application in anoperating theaters department experiencing problems with scheduling and delays. The research designrelies on a case study approach, with the researcher asparticipant observer, as both an adviser to the projectteam and as field interviewer. The paper argues that an ambitious BPR agenda is compromised inat least two regards. First, the lack of precisionsurrounding the focus and methodology of BPR givespolitically motivated actors considerable influence with respect to defining terms of reference in wayswhich will shape potential outcomes in their favor.Second, the complexity and indeterminacy of the businessprocess or patient trail can also diluteredesign attempts. The principal limitations of theapproach thus concern the impracticality of embarking onrapid and radical change working from a blanksheet of paper with respect to organizational and job design. BPR, unlike other organizationdevelopment interventions, is not a contextsensitive approach. The role of project manageris critical in establishing a working balance betweenindividual, occupational, and organizational goals in a manner perceivedto be legitimate in the context. Effective BPR projectmanagement thus requires a combination of political andprocess analysis skills. The principal opportunities of BPR derive from its process orientation,which brings a fresh perspective to a traditionally andfunctionally fragmented organizational setting, andwhich presents a potentially valuable platform for anevolutionary approach to process improvement.     

Call My Bluff: Multiple Interpretations of an Organizational Process

This paper attempts to illustrate the value of interpreting organizational processes from a variety of perspectives. It demonstrates that this approach reflects the natural richness of organization and avoids the rather blinkered search for single-paradigm explanations. It does not seek to offer the answer, but rather some possible insights. By combining both actor and researcher frames, it sheds light upon a particular process of social interaction within an organization. Both the context, an NHS trust hospital, and the content, a significant change scenario, brings richness and relevance to the debate.
The paper outlines the macro and micro context before focusing on the interpretative methodological approach. The research involved collecting and analysing over thirty hours of taped, semi-structured interview discourse with senior and middle management and some junior staff. After describing the change initiative, an attempt at multi-skilling and the response of recipient actors to the proposals, the paper outlines three readings which seek to explain the events that occurred. The reader is invited to play the game 'Call my Bluff' and to choose the scenario that represents the most plausible explanation. The three interpretative frames employed are a managerial, a cultural and a political perspective. The paper concludes by raising some important issues in research, organizational change and the NHS.     

现实与表达：1945年中共对“胡世合事件”的建构——以《新华日报》为考察中心

“胡世合事件”是1945年2月20日在国统区发生的一起特务非法枪杀电力工人胡世合所引起的全国高度关注的惨案。中共对于“胡世合事件”的大力宣传，一方面引起了广大工人群众对于保障人权、争取民主、反对特务统治的呐喊，另一方面从侧面论证了中共在抗战末期追求民主、实现民主政治的正当性。