Kakar's Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Indian Childhood: The Need to Emphasize the Father and Multiple Caregivers in The Socialization Equation

Kakar's psychoanalytic analysis of the role of the father in the East Indian child's socioemotional development during the early childhood period is examined. Furthermore, maternal employment and multiple caregiving are considered in broad terms. Using findings from observational studies of parent-infant interactions and care in diverse cultures around the world as a barometer, it is argued that fathers are more centrally involved in the Indian child's life than has been previously acknowledged. It is proposed that the Indian mother remains the primary caregiver with other socialization agents assuming complementary but nonequivalent roles in the Indian child's social development. Future discussions of Indian childhood development could further delineate the role of the father and multiple caregivers in the socialization process.     

Association of educational level and child sex ratio in rural and urban India

Utilizing data from the Census of India, this study compared child sex ratio in rural and urban regions of India and analyzed whether the child sex ratio was associated with mother’s education level. The child sex ratios in the rural and urban regions throughout India were analyzed using the two-sample and paired Student’s t-test. Further, the Chi-square test for trend in binomial proportions was used to assess the association between child sex ratios and mother’s education levels in rural and urban areas. Analysis of the data showed that there was a significant difference between the child sex ratios in rural areas versus urban areas. In addition, the Chi-square test for trend showed that there was a significant association of the child sex ratio and the educational levels of their mothers. This trend occurred in both rural and urban areas.     

Smallholder Preferences for Agri‐environmental Change at the Bhoj Wetland,India

Incentive‐based approaches have gained policy interest in linking change in agricultural land management with environmental conservation. This article investigates how scheme design influences smallholder farmers' decisions to switch to organic farming to reduce water pollution, drawing on a study at a Ramsar wetland site providing water for the city of Bhopal. Results from a choice experiment suggest that transitional payments are necessary to overcome farmer constraints to adopt organic farming, and that effective land certification has the potential to act as a self‐enforcing mechanism linking farmer incomes with wetland conservation benefits.     

Anti-development or identity crisis? Misreading civil society in Meghalaya,India

This paper discusses the complex relationship between civil society and development in Asia by examining the role of ethnic identity in anti-development movements. Local and transnational movements by civil society actors against dams, mines, and deforestation have gained increased attention in academia and activist circles in the last decade, often used as evidence in arguments that development as part of neo-liberalism and/or state-led socialism is faltering. Furthermore, tribal, indigenous, and minority communities are often portrayed as having a closer relationship to the environment, which is seen as instrumental in their opposition to development projects. While agreeing with these arguments to some extent, this paper examines the local context of anti-development movements using research from fieldwork in the Indian state of Meghalaya and argues that struggles over development projects are also struggles over ethnic identity. In Meghalaya, civil society actors from the Khasi ethnic group have opposed several large development projects on the +grounds that these projects will attract labourers from Bangladesh and other parts of India, threatening the survival of the Khasi ethnic group. Damage to the environment, livelihoods, and loss of land are rarely a concern. The failure to recognize the influence of ethnic identity politics in critiques of development raises the risk of misreading both the extent of anti-development sentiments in civil society and the potential for development projects to be reframed by proponents into an acceptable ethnic guise. Furthermore, the actors contesting development through identity politics are overwhelmingly from urban areas, leaving rural people with limited access to civil society. This paper attempts to add a critical perspective to current literature on development and civil society using empirical examples from one of the least researched regions in Asia.     

Healthcare in India: Changing the Financing Strategy

The way in which healthcare is financed is critical for equity in access to healthcare. At present the proportion of public resources committed to healthcare in India is one of the lowest in the world, with less than one‐fifth of health expenditure being publicly financed. India has large‐scale poverty and yet the main source of financing healthcare is out‐of‐pocket expenditure. This is a cause of the huge inequities we see in access to healthcare. The article argues for strengthening public investment and expenditure in the health sector and suggests possible options for doing this. It also calls for a reform of the existing healthcare system by restructuring it to create a universal access mechanism which also factors in the private health sector. The article concludes that it is important to over‐emphasize the fact that health is a public or social good and so cannot be left to the vagaries of the market.     

印度高等教育规模扩充的驱动因素分析

高等教育规模扩充受多重因素的驱动。在1950—1970年的20年间，印度的高等教育经历了大规模的扩充，持续扩充背后的驱动因素有哪些？本文从不同的角度出发，分析了驱动印度高等教育规模扩充的深层因素。     

论慧超旅行巨著《往五天竺国传》

慧超是唐代著名的佛教学者，也是一个伟大的宗教旅行家。文章从文学、史学及旅游学三方面评价了其旅游巨著《往五天竺国传》的创作经历及学术价值。     

印度书写：殖民文学与后殖民文学的历史关联

殖民文学与后殖民文学在书写东方印度主题方面，存在一些复杂微妙的历史联系，存在着历时性和共时性的“东方”话语，这与一些英国作家和印裔英国作家的东方主义心态有关。     

如何调整和深化东北亚双边合作

东北亚区域合作,基于起点比较低,矛盾错综复杂,阻力不断,因此对合作的广度和深度不能要求太多,不能操之过急。多边主义在东北亚区域合作中进展缓慢,没有比较成功的合作实践和模式,耗费了大量资源。因此,东北亚全面区域合作的路程还很漫长,需要集腋成裘,聚沙成塔。对东北亚合作的困难性要有充分的估计,对长期性要有充分的准备。东北亚合作从双边入手,是最具有现实性和可行性的。东北亚的双边主义比全球化和区域主义更具有可操作性。拓展和深化东北亚双边合作模式,应是当前东北亚地区合作的当务之急。     

印度对华化工产品反倾销的贸易效应分析

随着印度对华化工产品反倾销的频发,其所产生的贸易效应越发值得关注。通过构建半对数线性回归方程,以10位编码的化工行业涉案产品的月度数据作为基础进行实证检验,考察不同阶段贸易破坏效应和贸易转移效应的存在性及其大小,指出印度对华化工产品采取反倾销措施不仅会对我国产生负的贸易破坏效应,同时会引起竞争国对印出口增加,存在正的贸易转移效应。然而对于不同产品,破坏效应出现的时间和大小是有区别的,贸易转移效应则并非普遍存在。