Estimation of frequencies of sinusoids in the presence of noise

A method is proposed and developed for estimating the frequencies of K sinusoids given the sum of these sinusoids in Gaussian noise. Attention is focused on the properties of these estimators when the observation time is short, the separation between frequencies is small, and the signal-to-noise ratio is high. The estimators are shown to be approximately unbiased and approximately normally distributed. The covariance matrix is also calculated. Relatively simple bounds on the variance of the estimators are found.     

Local Influence Analysis in AB–BA Crossover Designs

The aim of this article is to develop methodology for detecting influential observations in crossover models with random individual effects. Various case‐weighted perturbations are performed. We obtain the influence of the perturbations on each parameter estimator and on their dispersion matrices. The obtained results exhibit the possibility to obtain closed‐form expressions of the influence using the residuals in mixed linear models. Some graphical tools are also presented.     

Regression analysis of recurrent events data with incomplete observation gaps

For analyzing recurrent event data, either total time scale or gap time scale is adopted according to research interest. In particular, gap time scale is known to be more appropriate for modeling a renewal process. In this paper, we adopt gap time scale to analyze recurrent event data with repeated observation gaps which cannot be observed completely because of unknown termination times of observation gaps. In order to estimate termination times, interval-censored mechanism is applied. Simulation studies are done to compare the suggested methods with the unadjusted method ignoring incomplete observation gaps. As a real example, conviction data set with suspensions is analyzed with suggested methods.     

谈写作中的艺术观察

观察是一种有目的、有计划、比较持久的知觉活动,观察活动是整个写作过程的开始。写作观察可分为客观观察和艺术观察,艺术观察是高于客观观察的一种审美观察,有其自身特殊的属性,体现出审美主体的独到发现和审美情感,并且也是艺术形象的重要构成成分。艺术观察主要体现在两个方面,即敏锐地捕捉事物的特征和深入透析人物的心理。     

Estimation for Discretely Observed Small Diffusions Based on Approximate Martingale Estimating Functions

Abstract.  We consider an asymptotically efficient estimator of the drift parameter for a multi-dimensional diffusion process with small dispersion parameter ɛ . In the situation where the sample path is observed at equidistant times k / n , k  = 0, 1, …,  n , we study asymptotic properties of an M -estimator derived from an approximate martingale estimating function as ɛ tends to 0 and n tends to ∞ simultaneously.     

《水浒》忠义思想的纵向考察

《水浒传》书名全称为“忠义水浒传”,忠义思想是作家要表现的重要思想,基本含义就是忠君义友,源于汉代以后儒家的忠义观。小说通过对招安、征辽、征方腊三大事件的处理和对宋江形象的修正,来表现忠君思想,部分地达到了目的,但忠君思想与农民起义互不相容。《水浒传》对义友的表现远比忠君成功,主要受惠于同一题材的前代作品。作者在处理义与忠、孝的关系方面,也出现了矛盾现象。     

Attachment Representations and Discipline in Mothers of Young School Children: An Observation Study

Previous research was extended by connecting maternal attachment representations not only to maternal emotional support and task structuring, but also to maternal discipline. A total number of 62 mothers of preschoolers (M_age = 54 months) completed the adult attachment interview and a self‐report measure of dysfunctional discipline. Two years later, a subsample of 38 mother–child dyads was observed during two laboratory interaction tasks in which the mother and child were induced to have divergent goals. In general, the hypothesized connections between maternal attachment representations and discipline were found, at least when discipline was independently observed. Specifically, as compared to autonomous mothers, non‐autonomous mothers showed more overreactivity, more psychological control and less flexibility in their discipline attempts. Also, their children were less compliant. These differences were more pronounced during a story‐eliciting task than during a block task. These findings suggest that parental behaviors in the discipline domain contribute to the explanation of the intergenerational transmission of attachment patterns.     

Spot observation: Advantages and disadvantages for household time use research

The spot observation method of estimating time use is described in this article. Procedures for using this method in developing countries, where household activities are relatively easily observed, are contrasted with procedures used in countries characterized by very private living units and highly separated employment, educational, and household settings. Characteristics of various methods for collecting time use data are compared so that researchers can evaluate the trade-offs they can expect from selecting a particular method. A case example of using the spot observation method in a study of women's household and agricultural activities in the Njoro Region of Kenya is presented.Her research interests are household time allocation and women's economic status in developing countries.Her research interests include the time allocation of rural women and women in international development. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois in 1995.The study of women's and children's time use reported in this paper was supported in part by the Center for African Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and by the Office of the Deputy Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, Egerton University, Njoro, Kenya.     

贾克梅蒂具象表现艺术及其启示意义

贾克梅蒂是当今西方现代美术史上的重要人物 ,具象表现艺术的先驱。贾克梅蒂的具象表现艺术是对传统的视觉模式的反叛 ,他将现象学的观察方式引入绘画领域 ,尝试用抹去重画、反复描绘的方法 ,来刻画表现对象在“不断流变、不断生成”过程的视觉印象 ,以追求新的表现方法。贾氏具象表现的绘画理念对处在今天复杂、多元艺术景况中的中国艺术家具有深刻启示意义     

唐代的天文管理

唐代的天文管理包括两方面的内容:一是对官方天文的管理,通过天文机构的改革和调整来完善天文观测与奏报制度,并试图建立一种旨在检验太史局(司天台)"观察天文"准确性和可靠程度的制约与监督机制,为保守天文秘密,唐对天文官员的职业素质做了特别规定;二是对于民间与天文有关的活动与事宜,唐王朝实行严格控制与禁止的政策,但在具体执行的过程中也有一定的弹性和灵活性。