Racial differences in urban neighboring

Despite mixed expectations generated by existing theories and evidence, this analysis documents clear racial differences in urban neighboring behavior. Using data from a survey of Nashville, Tennessee, residents, we show that blacks interact with their neighbors more often than whites do, and in a greater variety of ways. The only noteworthy similarity between the two groups is the positive impact of neighboring on feelings of community affect. Overall, our results support the view that neighbor relations — like other kinds of informal participation — have helped blacks cope with constrained social opportunities and provided them with access to resources unavailable through formal institutional channels.Revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, San Francisco, August 1989.     

对苗族家族场域中的一件离婚纠纷的分析

文章通过苗族家族场域中的一件离婚纠纷,分析了农村家族在解决纠纷方面的作用及弊端,认为在没有法律传统的乡土社会,可以允许宗族组织的力量来解决纠纷,让家族继续在农村纠纷的解决中发挥作用,但同时也认识到由于国家法律资源的不足与农村人们法律意识的落后,也使家族成了人们规避法律的场所。因此,目前,引导好家族在解决纠纷方面发挥作用并避免它成为人们规避法律的场所,就变得十分紧迫和必要。     

回族习俗中的法理学思想探微

回族习惯法是回族人民在长期的历史发展过程中自发形成的调整回族成员内部的社会关系并为其成员共同奉行的行为规范。本文通过对回族习俗的描述,探讨回族习俗中的法理学思想的基本精神和在回族地区的现实意义,并在此基础上分析回族习俗中的法理学思想与现行法律的共性,从而更好地促进两者的有效结合。     

试论完善我国散居少数民族立法

少数民族权益的法律保障始终是我国法治进程中的一件大事,而散居少数民族立法工作又是我国整个民族法治建设的重要组成部分。本文主要通过分析完善我国散居少数民族立法的意义,指出我国散居少数民族立法的基本情况以及存在的问题,探求完善散居少数民族立法的方法。     

The State of Care Management in Learning Disability and Mental Health Services 12 Years into Community Care

This paper reports on the organization of care management froma longitudinal study of community care for people resettledfrom long-stay learning disability and psychiatric hospitals.The findings from a 12-year follow-up of care management arrangementsin 12 learning disability and eight mental health study siteservices are described. The diversity of care management arrangementsfound at earlier points in the evaluation remained evident.Also, many of the former ‘care in the community’service users were excluded from mainstream care managementarrangements in their localities. The difficulty of developingperson-centred arrangements in learning disability and the lackof integration of the Care Programme Approach and care managementwere evident. The findings and observations are placed in thewider policy and practice context, with suggestions for takingcare management forward nationally and locally.     

There be句型在机器翻译软件中的对比研究

机器翻译虽已取得了很大进展,但仍主要停留在查词功能上,其译文可读性不强,准确性不够。以英语特殊句型Therebe为切入点,着重探讨英汉机器翻译中特殊句型的对应与不对应的调整问题,并以五种英汉全文机器翻译软件作为测试对象,就可以分析发现机器翻译软件在Therebe句型英汉翻译过程中的两点不足:一方面,将there译成地点状语“那里”;另一方面,翻译时不能对地点状语或时间状语进行位置调整,只能机械地逐词顺译。     

Young helpline callers and difference: exploring gender, ethnicity and sexuality in helpline access and provision

This article, which has its origin in a feasibility study carried out for three youth telephone helplines, focuses on gender, difference and helpline access by young people. During the research process the writers noted that for the three commissioning helplines, as is the case with the majority of other telephone helplines, approximately two‐thirds of callers are female. A helpline for young Muslims where the gender access ratio was 50/50 stood out as being different in this respect. Until recently, literature on gender and help‐seeking has tended towards making a blanket identification of males as experiencing difficulties in negotiating pathways to help. Although this difficulty of males is evident in relation to both help‐seeking and access to helplines, our study suggests that, at least in relation to helpline usage, when we take culture, ethnicity and sexuality into account, the help‐seeking situation may be more nuanced. This has implications in terms of enabling a cross‐section of young people to access helplines as well as with regard to helpline service development.     

国外社区矫正的理论基础及其发展评估

20世纪70年代以来,世界各国都在不断地进行刑罚制度的改革和创新,社区矫正就是在这样的背景下诞生的一种全新的行刑方式。社区矫正之所以能在现代社会被西方国家普遍接受和采纳,是因为其背后包含了若干深层合理的基础理论,蕴涵着人道和效益的价值理念。正如一个硬币的两面,社区矫正在发展进程中也面临着一些问题:社区矫正在减少再犯和疏减监狱拥挤压力方面成效并不显著;社区矫正的实施容易导致自由裁量权的滥用和社会控制网络的扩张。     

福利多元主义视角下的社区福利

随着经济体制的改革,“单位人”向“社区人”转变,社区福利成为社会成员普遍性的需求。但目前我国的社区福利存在着行政化、非专业化等一系列问题,社区内缺少成熟的、有活力的社会团体,严重影响了社区居民对于福利的可及性和可得性。本文尝试从福利多元主义的视角,在福利服务领域引入非营利组织,并重点讨论政府的角色转变以及与这些志愿组织和社会团体的合作关系。     

试论和谐社会与现代营销

和谐社会理念是对社会范围内基于资源有限性的社会可持续发展的指导,这个理念的提出具有很强的实践指导意义,无论是对社会还是对组成社会细胞的企业都是适用的,现代营销理念被证明是能够引领企业可持续发展的理念,现代营销观念与和谐社会理念的之间的统一更加验证了和谐社会这一目标的科学性依据,本文通过论述这两个理念的一致性,并试图通过和谐社会理念指导营销的发展,以此来深化对和谐社会构建理念的深入理解。