A Regression Analysis of Motivations for Saudi University Male Student Volunteers

Abstract

As a major national asset for promoting social development, volunteer groups have grown rapidly worldwide and have brought significant benefits to individuals, communities, and society in general. Volunteering is encouraged and common among Muslims in the Middle East, but there is rare study on why they volunteer. This study used multiple regression to explore what motivates Saudi male university students to volunteer with a sample of 223 subjects. The results show that all predictor variables such as pro-social personality, values function, career function, social function, enhancement function, protective function, and learning function of volunteering, community identity, institutional facilitation, and Islamic cultural motivation, are statistically significantly correlated to students’ volunteering intentions, but these factors contribute to the ordinary least square regression model at different levels. Only career (B?=?0.217), social (B?=?0.212), learning (B?=?0.280), and enhancement functions (B?=?0.230) of volunteering have statistically significant influence on Saudi university male students’ volunteering intention. Findings highlight a need for a focus on instrumental needs of volunteers by government and NGOs. In regards to future research, gender and educational impacts on volunteers’ motive should be explored.     

Modifying Earplug Wearing Behavior by Behavior Modification Techniques:

A token economy system for, workers and a managerial intervention were developed in an industrial setting to modify the use of ear protectors. The token economy increased workers' use of ear protectors during work shifts, while new managerial standards maintained the level of earplug usage reached during the token economy intervention. As a result of the intervention program, earplug usage reached an operant level of about 95%. This remained stable throughout the follow-up period during which the new managerial stand was in effect. Theoretical and applied implications of organizational maintenance strategies are dismissed in view of the demonstrated effectiveness of the present intervention.     

Personality and the effort-reward imbalance model of stress: Individual differences in reward sensitivity

Abstract

The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) model comprises both situational components (i.e. effort and reward) and a person-specific component (overcommitment). The aims of this study were to investigate the role of theoretically and historically linked personality variables (i.e. overcommitment and Type A personality) within the ERI model and to expand and extend the ERI model by investigating the contribution of individual reward components to both psychological (i.e. psychological distress) and attitudinal (i.e. affective commitment) employee strain indicators. A total of 897 police officers from a large Australian police agency participated in the study. The results provided no evidence of an interaction effect of effort or reward with overcommitment. The Type A variables did, however, make significant contributions and were involved in a number of interactions, suggesting that the person-specific component of the ERI model could be extended with the Type A personality profile. The findings also suggest that the esteem component of reward has the greatest relevance to employee outcomes, although tangible aspects of reward are more likely to act as a buffer of perceived work demand.     

高等艺术院校人文素质教育问题反思

药家鑫案凸现当前高等艺术院校人文素质教育的缺失,表现在诚信规则意识和法律信仰不足、道德认知与其行为失衡、心理不健全及人格缺陷,对生命缺乏敬畏、成功判定标准偏移等,原因在于高等艺术院校人才培养模式不完善,应试教育的消极影响和社会转型期带来的功利化影响,对此,应通过更新艺术教育理念、提升专业课教师人文素质水平、完善人文素质课程教学体系并与艺术专业教育相融合、加强校园文化建设和人文素质教育实践活动等途径有效提升高等艺术院校人文素质教育的成效。     

性格与智慧的制约——贾平凹与德莱塞笔下悲剧性人物形象比较研究

刘高兴与赫斯特伍德分别代表了《高兴》与《嘉莉妹妹》两部中外作品中的“失败者”艺术形象.尽管他们在社会地位、文化教养等方面几乎没有任何表征上的类似,然而,他们的悲剧性命运模式却有着类似的诱因与发展逻辑,显示了性格与智慧对人物命运轨迹的重要影响.     

从《菊与刀》看露丝·本尼迪克特的文化模式理论

美国女人类学家露丝·本尼迪克特以其卓著的成就在人类学学术史上占据重要地位。通过《菊与刀》所作日本文化模式的经典个案研究来看本尼迪克特文化模式理论的特点,并论及《菊与刀》之于人类学研究的重要意义．以及文化模式理论所引发的争议与思考。     

男性青少年犯大五人格特征分析

采用大五人格问卷(BFI)和自编调查问卷对217名狱中男性青少年犯和263名在校中学生进行问卷调查。研究男性青少年犯大五人格特征及其影响因素,为有效预防青少年犯罪提供理论依据。调查发现青少年犯与正常同龄男生在宜人性、责任心、神经质和开放性等四个维度上有显著差异;宜人性与开放性在区分青少年犯与正常同龄男生有一定的鉴别力;家庭关系、父母是否离异、农村或城市户口、有无恋爱经历、上网频率、小时候父母是否在家、入监前生活状态等因素影响青少年宜人性人格因子的形成;家庭关系、上网频率等因素影响青少年开放性人格因子形成。本研究表明宜人性与开放性对青少年犯罪有一定预测力;家庭诸多因素对青少年犯罪人格特征有影响作用。     

人格塑造:“人格面具”与文化的教化功能解读

文化的教化功能对发展健全人格起主导作用。"人格面具"是文化教化功能的一个方面。从人格面具与文化的教化分析人格健全发展有三条路径:一是达到理想人格的外部条件与自身条件的和谐统一;二是实现自我认同与社会认同的价值匹配;三是应用人格"大五"模型将个体人格与社会人格有机统一起来。     

应用型创新人才与培养目标定位分析

创新型人才可分为研究型、应用型与技能型。应用型创新人才是在社会各行各业中从事各种创新活动的中层次的创新人才,主要由本科教育培养。应用型创新人才必须具备有利于创新活动并具有自己特色的知识结构、智能结构和人格结构。高校应该针对应用型创新人才的特点,有目的、有计划、有步骤地加强培养。     

论二宫尊德身份人格形成的风土文化因素

风土是自我发现的一种方式,对身份人格的形成具有极其重要的、不可替代的作用。二宫尊德是日本江户时代后期带领610多处的藩、郡、村实现了经济重建的农政学家,历经日本明治、昭和等历史时期及战后,一直是日本国家及社会树立的国民楷模。这其中固然有其历史、社会、意识形态等方面的原因,但二宫尊德本人所特有的勤勉、坚韧、善于思考、顺应自然的身份人格,一定是其中的不可忽视的重要因素。