论甲午海战后丁汝昌谎报军情的原因

1894年甲午海战后,丁汝昌关于这场战争的战报与实际战况存在很大差距。除了客观因素外,丁汝昌的主观谎报是最主要的原因。表面上看,丁汝昌的谎报是他为了保住职位的虚夸,而在本质上却反映了当时“轻日”思想和“保船制敌”路线的矛盾和北洋舰队高级将领集体对清政府的欺骗。     

抗战时期四川国防工程建设征用民工的待遇

抗战时期,四川征用大量民工进行国防工程建设.民工的待遇主要包括工资、伙食费、病伤死亡抚恤费、工具费、工棚费.抗战时期民工的待遇主要以《修正四川省非常时期征工服役暂行办法》为纲办理.对于民工的待遇,政府当局制定了发放细则,在发放中存在实际问题,民工只得到了有限的实惠.     

陈垣与抗日战争时期的北平辅仁大学

北平辅仁大学作为一所私立天主教大学,在北平沦陷之后弦歌不辍,讲诵如恒,并得以发展。学校师生与日伪周旋,抗敌不屈,延续民族文化生命,抵制日伪奴化教育,因此赢得了"抗日大本营"的赞誉。     

研究型大学在德国兴起的三步曲——从哈雷到哥廷根再到柏林大学的历史考察

现代大学萌芽于12世纪的欧洲,然而研究型大学创始于17世纪的德国,1694年哈雷大学的建立开创了现代大学之先河,运用了现代哲学和科学方法,并有意识地强调了研究和学术自由;1737年哥廷根大学的落成,促进了现代大学的进一步发展,图书馆及相关设施的建立,使研究型大学模型初具;创立于1810年的柏林大学开创了大学教育的新纪元,学术自由和教研结合两大原则正式确立起来并成为现代大学的显著特点,研究型大学从此兴起。研究型大学是德国社会的独特产物,是在一种适宜条件下产生的,它在很多方面不同于传统大学。因此,对研究型大学在德国兴起进行历史考察,无疑会加深我们对研究型大学产生的背景及其意义的认识。     

Does the availability of child care influence the employment of mothers? Findings from western Germany

There is a vast empirical literature investigating the effects of child care costson female employment. Day-care costs are usually treated as a reduction infemale wages and are supposed to reduce a woman's propensity to participatein the labor market. In this paper we argue that an analysis of the effects ofchild care on the employment of mothers in Germany should focus on theavailability rather than the affordability of care, due to peculiarities of theGerman day-care regime. Our empirical findings cast doubt on the effectivenessof the current German day-care regime. Specifically, we question the extent towhich it enables mothers to participate in the labor market.     

Estimating E-bayesian and hierarchical bayesian of scalar parameter of gompertz distribution under type II censoring schemes based on fuzzy data

In this study, the E-Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian of the scalar parameter of a Gompertz distribution under Type II censoring schemes were estimated based on fuzzy data under the squared error (SE) loss function and the efficiency of the proposed methods was compared with each other and with the Bayesian estimator using Monte Carlo simulation.     

‘Occupation Children’ in Germany after World War II — Problems and Coping Strategies

The article focuses on the autobiographical memories of people born in Germany after the Second World War, whose mothers were local women and whose fathers were members of the allied forces. Based on the analysis of narrative interviews, we ask how these people experienced their growing up and their sociocultural environment in the post‐war era, and what kind of coping strategies they developed to deal with adverse living conditions.     

“I bled like you,brother, although I was a thousand miles away”: postwar Yiddish sources on the experiences of Polish Jews in Soviet exile during World War II

ABSTRACT

An estimated 230,000 Polish Jews escaped Nazi persecution during World War II by flight or deportation to the interior of the Soviet Union. This article examines early postwar Yiddish and Polish sources on their survival in Soviet exile such as poems, newspaper articles, and witness testimonies. Two sets of sources are analyzed in-depth, testimonies written by young people in Jewish Displaced Persons (DP) camps in occupied Germany and Yiddish poetry from Poland and the DP camps. The author argues that many former exiles were eager to write down their experiences. In doing so, they were aware of the complex nature of deportation and flight that characterized the experiences of Polish Jews in the Soviet Union. In their testimonies many young witnesses express their understanding that they too were “marked by the khurbn.” Whereas Yiddish poetry from the same period helps us understand how writers dealt with their own story of wartime survival outside the realm of German persecution. In their poetry they seek meaning in their own suffering and express their desire to establish a dialogue with other survivors.     

湖湘文化与刘少奇关于新四军发展的韬略思想

抗日战争进入到相持阶段后,刘少奇赴华中任华中局书记、华中部队总指挥部政治委员、新四军政治委员,对建立巩固的华中根据地和发展壮大华中军事力量卓有建树。他建立巩固的华中根据地和发展壮大新四军的韬略思想与湖湘文化的集大成者王船山的战争战略指导艺术有明显的学脉相承之处。     

论巴西在第二次世界大战期间的作用

第二次世界大战期间,巴西加入到世界反法西斯阵营,源源不断地供应盟军战略物资,派兵作战,积极配合盟军的军事行动,从政治、经济和军事各方面贡献出自己的人力、物力和财力,为世界反法西斯战争取得最终胜利铺平了道路。