社会转型期公共部门行政伦理失范及其矫正路径

随着中国政治体制改革的不断深入,公共部门管理职能逐渐由传统“管理型”向现代“服务型”过渡,对这一过程中出现的部分公职人员行政伦理失范现象,如角色冲突、权力冲突、利益冲突及法理与情理冲突等进行研究。研究认为,部分公共部门行政伦理失范现象主要与传统行政伦理思想的价值追求、行政体制自身不足、多元化价值观念的诱导及监督约束机制的不足等成因相关,要解决公共部门公职人员行政伦理失范难题,需加强行政伦理法制化建设,有效处理伦理制度化和制度伦理化及其相互关系;倡导与践行高薪养廉与社会主义核心价值观常态化教育;加强公职人员自身伦理信念教育,提出自律要求;建立治理主体多元化参与和程序公开的阳光行政体系,在全方位动态监督与引入第三方绩效评估体系来规范和激励公共部门行政人员。     

Hong Kong: workfare in the world's freest economy

Chan CK. Hong Kong: workfare in the world's freest economy Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 22–32 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. Workfare was introduced in many countries to suppress welfare dependency and reduce social security expenditures. However, workfare was launched in Hong Kong when there was only a relatively small social security budget and its citizens still strongly adhered to the ideologies of self‐reliance. It was found that workfare has performed several functions in Hong Kong. First, by forcing unemployed claimants to give up benefits, Hong Kong has been able to save on social security expenditures. Second, workfare has combined with Hong Kong's semi‐democratic polity so that extremely stigmatising welfare measures have been implemented. Third, it has pushed poor citizens into the labour market without having any protection over wages and working hours. Thus, the combination of workfare and a semi‐democratic polity has successfully suppressed Hong Kong's welfare demands and strengthened its self‐help spirit. As a result, Hong Kong's minimal social security scheme and its low tax policy have been maintained.     

Undercounts in Offender Data and Closing the Gap Between Indigenous and Other Australians

Closing the gaps between Indigenous and other Australian outcomes is a central concern of contemporary policy. The Re‐Offending Database (ROD), which has been collated by the New South Wales Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research (BOCSAR), offers a unique opportunity to analyse data quality issues in an important source of administrative data for Indigenous people. This paper provides several independent estimates of the population of Indigenous offenders by estimating the number of people with unknown Indigenous status who are likely to be identified as Indigenous in other circumstances. The main finding is that the Indigenous population of offenders is substantially undercounted in administrative data collections. The failure to account for this will understate Indigenous disadvantage or the ‘gap’ between Indigenous and non‐Indigenous outcomes.     

"话语政治"的价值与缺失

哈贝马斯的交往行为理论和话语政治民主模式不仅表达了一个知识分子应有的良知,也在诸多方面为我们展现了人类令人鼓舞的前景;不仅为我们的进一步探索提供了一个新的路径,更在整合共和主义和自由主义的双重优势的平台上,在制度的层面为建构主体间广泛参与和积极互动的民主模式做出了有益的尝试。但是,哈贝马斯话语民主模式在许多方面也失于理想性的虚幻化。把人类之间的关系完全定位于运用语言和平交往的理解和共识上,是理想主义的诉求,也许具有理论上的探索意义,但如何消除人们之间利益上的差异、冲突是相当难的问题,仅仅靠语言沟通,达成共识是难以实现的,时间的无限延长,参与者的不断增多,看起来是实现了哈贝马斯所设定的理想言说情景,但是,这样一方面降低了交往的效率,一方面又增加了解决问题的难度和成本,理想的初衷似乎把交往的环境恶化了,现实的竞争、冲突显然不是一个乌托邦式的浪漫主义的假设的完美情景所能解决的     

基于私人过度自信的PPP项目最优补偿契约设计与选择

基于政府对PPP项目补偿决策的困境,引入一种单期补偿契约,同时考虑到私人投资者在政府补偿下会存在过度自信倾向,通过“均值-方差”描述而引入私人过度自信系数,建立私人投资的期望效用函数,从而运用主从博弈方法分析私人过度投资行为以及对政府最优补偿契约的影响,进而在私人过度自信不可观察情形下,讨论政府最优补偿契约的设计与选择。研究表明：虽然私人过度投资行为并不一定有助于项目预期社会效益改善,但政府总可通过相应地调整契约参数来设计适应私人不同过度自信行为的最优补偿契约,并当私人过度投资不可观测时,可根据其过度自信的概率分布情况来选择使项目预期社会效益比较大的最优补偿契约。研究结果不仅有利于政府的补偿决策,也为PPP项目的实施提供了一种较好的理论支持。     

Local volunteers respond to the Rena oil spill in Maketū, New Zealand

Following the MV Rena grounding and oil spill in the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand in October 2011, the Māori community of Maketū were quick to respond to the arrival of oil on their beaches. They asserted their rangatiratanga by establishing their marae as a base and successfully coordinated a clean-up by more than 450 volunteers, feeding these volunteers every day. We interviewed 11 clean-up leaders and volunteers in Maketū to gather information about how the oil spill affected people in the community and how they ensured the success of their clean-up efforts. Many volunteers returned to help with the clean-up day after day over several weeks. Concepts of kaitiakitanga and manaakitanga underpinned the work of the Maketū clean-up organisers. Participants attributed the success of the Maketū clean-up to the speed with which they responded, the support they received from their community and local businesses, and their local knowledge.     

组织动员、行动策略与机会结构——业主集体行动结果的影响因素分析

本文从组织动员、行动策略和机会结构三个维度出发,基于发生在1999-2012年的中国191个业主维权案例,系统考察了纠纷类型、参与人数、维权方式、业主组织和政府反应五个因素对业主集体维权结果的影响。研究发现,在涉及政府部门的行政型纠纷和混合型纠纷中,业主不易维权成功;动员一定数量的业主有助于集体维权成功,但并不意味着动员人数越多,成功可能性越大;不同维权方式及其组合会影响维权结果,非制度化的激进行为并不利于业主实现其利益诉求;真正代表业主利益且能有效运作的业主组织可以显著提高业主维权成功的可能性;政府的行政失当行为(包括不当干预和行政不作为)大大增加了业主维权的难度。这些发现在一定程度上揭示了当前中国强国家-弱社会的现状。     

涉外垄断侵权责任的法律适用——兼评华为公司诉美国交互数字垄断案中的法律适用

在我国目前法律规定中,虽然承认限制竞争行为的“影响”是判断反垄断法能否域外适用的基本依据,但却未将其作为确定涉外垄断侵权责任准据法的连结点,从而导致了反垄断法本身的适用和相应民事救济手段法律适用相割裂,甚至相矛盾等问题,不利于我国反垄断法立法目的实现和有效执行。以华为与美国交互数字之间垄断纠纷案件为背景,通过对比欧盟反垄断法及欧盟有关非合同之债法律适用条例的相关规定,论证了我国将影响原则作为涉外垄断侵权责任法律适用的冲突规则必要性和合理性。     

Symbolic Boundaries and Collective Violence. A New Theoretical Argument for an Explanatory Sociology of Collective Violent Action

The sociology of violence still struggles with two critical questions: What motivates people to act violently on behalf of groups and how do they come to identify with the groups for which they act? Methodologically the article addresses these puzzling problems in favor of a relational sociology that argues against both micro‐ and macro‐reductionist accounts, while theoretically it proposes a twofold reorientation: first, it makes a plea for the so called cognitive turn in social theory; second, it proposes following praxeological accounts of social action that focus on the dynamic interpenetration of cognition and socio‐cultural practices. The argument is that symbolic boundaries constitute the “missing link” that allows for overcoming the micro‐macro gap in violence research: Symbolic boundaries can cause people's participation in collective violence by providing the essential relational resources for violent action and by triggering the cognitive/affective mechanisms necessary for social actors to become drawn into mobilization processes that can cause their engaging in coordinated attacks on sites across the boundary. The article offers a new theoretical argument by drawing on knowledge from violence research, social action theory and cognitive science allowing for a non‐reductionist theory of action that explains how and why people engage in collective violence.     

Underground Markets as Fields in Transition: Sex Work in New York City

Most ethnographers visualize their fieldwork study vis‐à‐vis their long‐term commitment to a bounded sociospatial context—an “ecology.” In this manner, the majority of ethnographic studies are presented as studies not only of practices but also of recognizable physical ecologies that breathe life into the practices—for example, homes, ghettos, firms, schools, and so on. In the pages that follow, I consider the ways in which the status of place has shifted in urban sex work. The shifting commerce of sexual services in New York enables me to open up a set of methodological issues about the role of space in ethnographic work. One in particular is at the core of this paper: namely, because so many ethnographic labors begin with the selection of a field site, what conceptual issues arise that fieldworkers must pay attention to vis‐à‐vis that decision? For example, the field site may change, the field site may itself be shaped by wider societal forces, and it may be simply dissolve over time. How does any of this impact a technique that is premised on the dependability of “sitting” so that others may be dependably followed? I draw on the notion of “strategic action fields” to present an alternative analytic framework, one more useful for the challenges ethnographers face.