刍议公务员行政伦理失范的原因与对策

公务员行政伦理对于推进行政体制改革、建设服务型政府、促进社会主义社会和谐具有重要价值。而今公务员行政伦理失范现象频发,已严重损害政府形象和公信力,政府必须高度重视并采取有效措施加强公务员行政伦理建设。从区级政府公务员行政伦理的现状进行调查,针对公务员行政伦理失范的原因,必须从公务员自律和外在激励约束两方面寻找能有效防止行政伦理失范的措施。     

高校内部行政权力和学术权力关系的社会类型构建

行政权力和学术权力在高校内部是一对辩证矛盾体,在进行二者内涵与特征的内部比较时,也应该进行国别间的外部比较。在通过这种内外综合比较之后,需着重进行二者关系的社会类型构建,力求通过客观分析,高质量地促进我国高校内部两种权力关系的良性发展,稳步推进我国高校治理水平提升和高等教育良性结构的生成。     

烈性犬伤人及其饲养人的责任追究

现阶段我国烈性犬伤人现象多发,但是对于此类现象目前只存在民事领域和行政领域的相关规制和惩罚。这种法律规制网络的结构性缺失,使得大部分致人伤亡的烈性犬饲养人只需承担民事侵权责任和行政处罚。构建针对此类行为的刑事规制和制裁,可以对饲养人产生震慑,抑制违法饲养行为,也可以完善我国针对烈性犬伤人现象的法律规制网络和惩罚体系。要根据烈性犬伤人现象的不同表达,分别依据过失致人重伤罪、过失致人死亡罪,以及以危险方法危害公共安全罪对饲养者进行定罪量刑。     

Value Goals and Institutional Framework for the Establishment of Administrative Public Prosecution in China

中国正处于社会转型期, 社会矛盾和利益纠纷呈高发态势, 通过厉行法治, 保证 行政权正确行使, 是预防、减少和妥善应对社会风险的良策。由于行政诉讼在制度架 构方面的缺陷, 其制度功能发挥并不充分。设置行政公诉制度, 应当成为完善行政诉 讼制度的一个重要选择。它具有监督和促进依法行政、引导市民社会生成、化解社会 矛盾等多方面的价值, 也是完善中国特色检察制度的应有之义。建立行政公诉, 应当 从理念和制度建构等不同层面予以设计。

关键词: 行政公诉 依法行政 检察权 权力制衡

Since China is now in a stage of social transition that displays a high occurrence of social conflict and interest disputes, strict adherence to the rule of law and ensuring the correct exercise of administrative power is the best strategy for preventing, reducing and properly managing social risks. Structural defects have meant that the institutional function of public prosecution has not been given full rein. The establishment of administrative public prosecution should thus become an important option for the improvement of administrative legal proceedings. It would have value in a multitude of ways, including monitoring and promoting the exercise of administrative functions according to law, guiding the creation of civil society, and resolving social conflicts, and it is also a necessity for the improvement of China’s procuratorial system. The establishment of administrative public prosecution should be designed at the conceptual level, the institutional level, and so on.     

关于按服务项目支付的探讨

按服务项目支付是中国医疗保险实践广泛采用的结算方式。文章分析了在医疗保险中医院、患者、医疗保险经办机构各自的目标、行为以及在不同的报销模式下的行为选择,并进一步得出,医疗保险经办机构采用不同的报销模式将导致不同的主体间关系、不同的医疗保险满意度以及医疗资源利用水平。中国医疗保险事业缺乏西方国家成熟的商业保险行业组织以及相应的经验和信息积累。变更医院的目标函数和约束条件是更加合理地利用医疗资源的关键。     

科学发展观视野下的行政法理性

指出科学发展观为法学研究提出了新要求、新课题,科学发展观体现了重要的行政法哲学价值观和方法论,即行政法＂人本法律价值观＂和行政法＂全面、协调、可持续＂方法论;科学发展观为评价行政法理性提供了标准和对象,为实现行政法理性运行提供了保障机制。     

The contribution of media consumption to civic participation

A national UK survey (N = 1017) examined the association between media consumption and three indicators of civic participation - likelihood of voting, interest in politics, and actions taken in response to a public issue of concern to the respondent. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the variance explained by media use variables after first controlling for demographic, social and political predictors of each indicator of participation. Media use significantly added to explaining variance in civic participation as follows. In accounting for voting, demographic and political/social factors mattered, but so too did some media habits (listening to the radio and engagement with the news). Interest in politics was accounted for by political/social factors and by media use, especially higher news engagement and lower media trust. However, taking action on an issue of concern was accounted for only by political/social factors, with the exception that slightly fewer actions were taken by those who watched more television. These findings provided little support for the media malaise thesis, and instead were interpreted as providing qualified support for the cognitive/motivational theory of news as a means of engaging the public.     

Mathematical model allowing the coexistence of closely related competitors at the initial stage of evolution

The mathematical model presented here aims to elucidate the essential mechanisms of coexistence of species, especially those of closely related forms, as a result of competition in the same environment. It describes a system where the fate of the competitors or mutants is observed at the initial stage of evolution. The model encompasses both the external variables and the internal state of the competitors, which differ only in one of the metabolic rate constants. Results of simulations, even with the simplified form of the model, show that stable coexistence of closely related forms in a uniform environment is possible. In addition, the model allows the analysis of the limitations on the level of differences and similarities among the competitors for achieving a state of coexistence. The essential mechanisms for the coexistence of closely related competitors are proposed to be the involvement of the metabolic network in allowing the same growth rate of competitors which have different internal states, and the interplay between the internal states of the competitors and the external variables of their environment.     

风险感知、制度信任与农户宅基地退出行为

农户宅基地退出行为受内在风险感知和外部制度环境的双重影响。基于四川泸县和宁夏平罗803户农户的调研数据,实证研究了风险感知、制度信任对农户宅基地退出行为的影响,并进一步考察制度信任在风险感知影响农户宅基地退出行为中的调节作用。结果表明:风险感知抑制农户宅基地退出行为,且存在区位异质性;制度信任(行政理念信任和行政行为信任)促进农户宅基地退出行为,且能减轻风险感知对农户宅基地退出行为的负面影响,从边际效应看,行政行为信任的缓解作用强于行政理念信任。由此,提出审视宅基地区位级差效应,建立差别化的宅地基退出权益保障机制和风险防范机制,注重服务型政府的建设,通过改善个体对政府行政的情感态度以提高人们的制度信任水平等建议。     

“结构困境”到“内生聚合”：特色小城镇复合生态发展的现实逻辑

特色小城镇作为新型城镇化和乡村振兴战略背景下推动城乡融合和农村城镇化的新模式,对于地方实现特色发展和典型引领,实施基层治理创新具有重要靶向功能。围绕"多源化-差异化-依赖互补-生态系统平衡"的要素耦合与"动态化-调试化-创新化-可持续发展"的行动建构整合思路,对地方生态特色化发展进行理论阐释和政策建构。基于江苏省南京市Y镇的生态发展经验,依据"政治合法-政策合理-行动合意"的路径对该镇复合生态治理的机制进行分析,提炼出特色小城镇内生聚合发展的新模式,即特色小城镇生态复合发展应基于复合生态系统治理的特征诉求,协调好经济、社会和生态的平衡关系,推动"三生"空间体系建设,促进民生保障与经济发展,创新治理体系,引导城镇更新和社会有序发展。对于现实存在的结构化困境问题,需运用复合生态治理的要求加以矫正和规范,培育多源要素耦合的基础,将其重新整合最为关键的要素及对应体系,发挥内生聚合效应,重新实现新的生态均衡。