Collective Action and Property Rights for Poverty Reduction: A Review of Methods and Approaches

This article provides a review of literature on the relationship between poverty and the institutions of collective action and property rights, as outlined in the conceptual framework of Di Gregorio et al. (2008). Using the elements of the framework as a guide, it offers an overview of how researchers and practitioners identify and evaluate these concepts. The article emphasises the multidimensionality of poverty and the necessity of applying various approaches and tools to conceptualising and measuring it. In addition to highlighting the crucial role that institutions play in poverty reduction, it shows power relations and the political context to be of fundamental importance in poverty‐related studies.     

Action Bias and Environmental Decisions

Individuals have a penchant for action, often for good reasons. But action bias arises if that penchant is carried over to areas where those reasons do not apply, hence is nonrational. Action bias is explored theoretically, and then empirically, using data from surveys of hypothetical environmental decisions. Quite apart from agency considerations, individuals like to affect outcomes when gains are reaped. Given the ability to help one of two sites, we find that decision makers choose to foster improvement rather than prevent deterioration, despite framing that makes it arbitrary which site is improved, which preserved. Strong action bias—individuals choosing to reap gains even though they must impose losses—is also observed. These concepts are related to loss aversion, status quo bias, omission bias for losses, and bright-line behavior.     

商业秘密类刑民交错案件难点问题研究

间接侵犯商业秘密中，“应知”应达到与“明知”接近的程度且侵害人不能提出反证陡‘方能成立，间接侵害人“使用”商业秘密不包括不知悉商业秘密情况下的使用商业秘密制成的产品之行为。商业倏密类刑事案件附带民事诉讼应限于附带民事诉讼被告人与刑事被告人完全重合的刑民交错案件。     

论金融支持与产业结构调整——以陕西为例

在对金融支持产业结构调整的作用模式及机制进行深入分析的基础上,认为金融通过金融市场及金融政策作用于产业结构调整,发挥着资本形成、资本引导、产融结合、信用催化、信息揭示和风险管理的作用。进而论证了金融支持对于"十二五"时期陕西产业结构调整的重要性和紧迫性。该研究不仅完善了金融支持对产业结构调整作用的理论体系,更为解决产业结构调整中的金融支持问题提供了理论参考和实践依据。     

Editor's Choice: An Interview with Hans Joas

The interview explores multiple aspects of social theory, most of them directly related to Joas's theory and others to symbolic interactionism and Goffman. The first part delves into Joas's theory in three respects. First, a clarifying note on a common misunderstanding about his book The Creativity of Action. Second, a clarification on the scope of his theoretical endeavor, and third, a look into his coming books to have a better grasp of the course that his theory is taking. The second part is dedicated to symbolic interactionism and Goffman. Firstly, Joas's opinion about the theoretical relationship between symbolic interactionism and macrosociology is emphasized, secondly, his opinion about the pertinence of locating Goffman within symbolic interactionism is stated, and thirdly, a brief commentary about the relationship between Joas's theory and Goffman's is introduced.     

台湾地区“相对集中行政许可权”分析及启示

台湾地区《行政程序法》规定了行政计划确定程序由行政计划确定机关在涉及到重大公共工程的许可时集中行使行政权力，作出“计划确定裁决书”。似有违反“管辖绝对性原则”或造成法律位阶层次乱入的表象，但是在实践中却能提高行政效率，促进公民参政、议政，扩大政府的公信力。在未来的大陆《行政程序法》中规定“相对集中行政许可权”制度，是一个解决目前行政许可过程中权力“网状分布”出现系列问题的有效进路。     

行政法的特点探究

行政法的特点是区分行政法和其他部门法的重要标志,是认识和揭示行政法现象的基础,但是仅仅从形式和内容两个方面着手不足以凸显行政法的自身特质。还应在此基础上,从性质和功能上予以考察,由此才能全面揭示行政法外部和内部特点。这对于科学、准确、合理地理解行政法是具有重要的现实意义的。     

英国公共部门人力资源审计及其对我国的启示

简单回顾了英国政府人力资源审计的发展历程,重点分析了英国国家审计署所采用的审计程序及其优缺点。结合中国实际,指出开展人力资源审计已成为中国政府效能建设和绩效审计发展的必然要求,并籍此提出了以合法性审计为基础、绩效审计为重心的中国政府人力资源审计发展模式以及必要的人力资源管理和审计制度创新。     

国外集体效能研究现状透视

跨入新的世纪,群体心理引起了研究者的极大关注。在概述集体效能理论背景的基础上,文章分析了国外集体效能研究的现状。作为群体水平的一个重要特征,集体效能与集体的行为结果有密切的关系,对群体和个体的心理与行为具有调节作用。集体效能大于个体效能的相加,它能够有效捕捉到个体之间的相互作用。与个体效能在本质上不同,个体对集体效能的知觉会受到团体领导和成员所持的个体效能信念、集体内部成员的合作行为以及群体的凝聚力等因素的影响,发生在个体之间。群体成员对群体是否能有效协调和整合其各种资源的评估是影响集体效能形成的关键信息。     

论行政奖励的立法规制

由于传统法学理论忽视奖励对社会的调整作用、立法机关对奖励机制存在偏见等原因,我国立法对行政奖励的规制很不完善,有必要对行政奖励进行规制以制约行政主体滥用权力,依据其他规范性文件和自由裁量权实施某些行政奖励.行政奖励客体应当包括政府认可的非义务行为、仅通过强制手段无法实现行政目标的义务性行为和对行为结果无法控制的义务性行为.在行政奖励立法时应当充分考虑行政奖励的功能,分析影响行政奖励方式的因素,如受激励群体的偏好,成本与效益的分析,是否违反法律、社会公德和其他更重要的利益等.