电子商务立法的国际比较及对我国的启示

电子商务的迅速发展实质性地改变了传统市场交易的形式。而作为法律调整和规范的主要对象之一，交易形式的变化要求有新的法律规定与之相适应。在国际上，关于电子商务的立法活动已经形成了一种浪潮。而我国的电子商务立法工作却一直进展缓慢。其中有认识上的问题，更主要的是立法经验的不足。借鉴有关国家电子商务立法的先进经验，我国应当尽快建立和完善电子商务法制，这其中包括应当建立关于电子签名、电子商务认证、电子合同、电子支付等方面的法律规则与制度。     

An affine‐invariant multivariate sign test for cluster correlated data

The author presents a multivariate location model for cluster correlated observations. He proposes an affine‐invariant multivariate sign statistic for testing the value of the location parameter. His statistic is an adaptation of that proposed by Randles (2000). The author shows, under very mild conditions, that his test statistic is asymptotically distributed as a chi‐squared random variable under the null hypothesis. In particular, the test can be used for skewed populations. In the context of a general multivariate normal model, the author obtains values of his test's Pitman asymptotic efficiency relative to another test based on the overall average. He shows that there is an improvement in the relative performance of the new test as soon as intra‐cluster correlation is present Even in the univariate case, the new test can be very competitive for Gaussian data. Furthermore, the statistic is easy to compute, even for large dimensional data. The author shows through simulations that his test performs well compared to the average‐based test. He illustrates its use with real data.     

略论邓小平理论萌芽的界定及其标志

作为邓小平理论萌芽的标志不是某一具体的时间、论著、观点。对邓小平理论萌芽应作出系统的、全面的科学界定。邓小平理论萌芽的标志应该是时间段、论著链、观点网     

Sign Restrictions,Structural Vector Autoregressions,and Useful Prior Information

This paper makes the following original contributions to the literature. (i) We develop a simpler analytical characterization and numerical algorithm for Bayesian inference in structural vector autoregressions (VARs) that can be used for models that are overidentified, just‐identified, or underidentified. (ii) We analyze the asymptotic properties of Bayesian inference and show that in the underidentified case, the asymptotic posterior distribution of contemporaneous coefficients in an n‐variable VAR is confined to the set of values that orthogonalize the population variance–covariance matrix of ordinary least squares residuals, with the height of the posterior proportional to the height of the prior at any point within that set. For example, in a bivariate VAR for supply and demand identified solely by sign restrictions, if the population correlation between the VAR residuals is positive, then even if one has available an infinite sample of data, any inference about the demand elasticity is coming exclusively from the prior distribution. (iii) We provide analytical characterizations of the informative prior distributions for impulse‐response functions that are implicit in the traditional sign‐restriction approach to VARs, and we note, as a special case of result (ii), that the influence of these priors does not vanish asymptotically. (iv) We illustrate how Bayesian inference with informative priors can be both a strict generalization and an unambiguous improvement over frequentist inference in just‐identified models. (v) We propose that researchers need to explicitly acknowledge and defend the role of prior beliefs in influencing structural conclusions and we illustrate how this could be done using a simple model of the U.S. labor market.     

Forensic Evaluation of Deaf Individuals: Challenges and Strategies

ABSTRACT

Forensic evaluation of deaf individuals presents unique challenges due to many examinees’ fund of information deficits, potential for language deprivation, and examiners’ frequent lack of creativity regarding communication methods. This article describes challenges most frequently encountered in competency to stand trial and criminal responsibility evaluations and offers strategies for overcoming them. The value of employing multiple communication methods, especially the use of illustrations, is emphasized. Suggestions also are offered regarding preparing evaluation reports and effectively communicating “key deaf fundamentals” to legal personnel. Encouragement is offered for qualified, sign-fluent professionals to engage in forensic work.     

鲍德里亚论消费社会中的符号法则及其意识形态布控

早期的鲍德里亚认为,符号法则构成了消费社会的首要法则。符号建筑在差异原则基础上,同时具有超强的意指性和永久的流动性,这使它顺利成为社会权利策略的组成部分。在消费社会中,日常生活平台上的所有物品都幻化成了符号,符号与消费成为资本主义意识形态的共谋,符号消费为人们制造了平等、晋升和关切的幻觉,成为一种更加稳定的、无意识的资本主义社会调节机制。通过符号学的解读,鲍德里亚触碰到了消费社会权力再生产的隐蔽机制,同时他也显示出强烈的解构主义、后现代主义特征。     

纽马克的交际翻译理论视角下的公示语研究

公示语是一张城市名片,它不仅代表一个城市的形象,体现其文明程度,而且还直接影响到外商的投资决心。本文以纽马克的交际翻译理论为指导,通过对南宁市公示语翻译现状进行考察,探讨公示语翻译的策略。     

跨文化非语言交际视角下的中日手势语

体态语言是指通过人的面部表情和手脚肢体等活动来表现个人情感的身体动作,在人们的日常交际过程中起着不可估量的作用。它是心理语言的外露,也是民族文化形成的印记。一方水土养育一方人,不同人群拥有不同的体态语言。文章从跨文化非语言交际视角着手,通过比较中日手势语言,阐述中日跨文化非语言交际过程中的注意事项。     

从翻译美学角度论公共标识语翻译策略

随着我国旅游产业的快速发展,公共标识语翻译已成为一个重要的研究领域,其翻译质量将直接影响到中国在国际上的形象。以翻译美学理论为基础,通过分析公共标识语的英译现状及其美学特征,试图提出公共标识语的主要翻译策略。     

等号的历史与认知

小学生在学习中表现出对等号的认知困难，等号常被误用．在小学数学课堂教学中，追溯等号的历史，采取相应的教学策略，可以有效地促进小学生对于等号的认知．