Challenges of Hong Kong toy manufacturers operating plants in the Pearl River Delta

For years, Hong Kong has been the worlds largest toy exporter. However, as the costs of rent and labor have increased drastically over the past years, Hong Kong toy manufacturers have moved their labor-intensive operations to other lower-wage areas. The Pearl River Delta (PRD) region of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) has been one of their favorite choices for outsourcing because of cheap and available labor. This paper explores, using data culled from interviews with the senior management of five leading Hong Kong toy companies, how some Hong Kong toy manufacturers overcame various strategic management issues after having made the move to the PRD. The results are presented within five major areas of concern: rules and regulations, the less-developed infrastructure, R&D, relationship with suppliers, and new technology, and they are used to show how the manufacturers were able to overcome various strategic constraints in order to accomplish outstanding performance. Supporting data were gathered through factory visits in order to better understand the actual operations within the PRD. This collected experience should be beneficial to other manufacturers interested in operating plants within the PRD.     

改革开放以来中国广告业的发展

十一届三中全会的召开,改革开放政策的确立,使我国广告业不仅得以恢复,而且焕发蓬勃的生机,成为发展最快的行业之一。改革开放政策是我国广告业发展的根本保证,而透视我国广告业的发展现状,亦能看出改革开放２０年的伟大成就     

On tests for normality of experimental error in ridge regression

Considered are tests for normality of the errors in ridge regression. If an intercept is included in the model, it is shown that test statistics based on the empirical distribution function of the ridge residuals have the same limiting distribution as in the one-sample test for normality with estimated mean and variance. The result holds with weak assumptions on the behavior of the independent variables; asymptotic normality of the ridge estimator is not required.     

Estimation in proportional hazard and log-linear models

Proportional hazard models and models where the dependent variables follow a linear model are shown to be equivalent if and only if the hazard rate is the product of a non-negative periodic function and a Weibull factor. Estimates based on rank statistics are proposed for the parameters in the proportional hazard model.     

Subhypotheses testing against restricted alternatives for the Cox regression model

For the Cox regression model involving both design and concomitant variates, testing of subhypotheses against restricted alternatives based on the partial likelihood scores is considered. Orthant, ordered as well as the ordered orthant alternatives are considered in this context. Roy's union-intersection principle plays a vital role in this development. Properties of the proposed tests are also studied.     

Robust designs for nearly linear regression

In this paper we seek designs and estimators which are optimal in some sense for multivariate linear regression on cubes and simplexes when the true regression function is unknown. More precisely, we assume that the unknown true regression function is the sum of a linear part plus some contamination orthogonal to the set of all linear functions in the L₂ norm with respect to Lebesgue measure. The contamination is assumed bounded in absolute value and it is shown that the usual designs for multivariate linear regression on cubes and simplices and the usual least squares estimators minimize the supremum over all possible contaminations of the expected mean square error. Additional results for extrapolation and interpolation, among other things, are discussed. For suitable loss functions optimal designs are found to have support on the extreme points of our design space.     

Latin America's recovery from debt problems: An assessment of model-based projections

This paper examines economic assumptions used in assessing prospective economic adjustment of Latin America in response to its debt problems. The analysis compares forecasts obtained by combining parameter estimates from different researchers' trade models with the authors' macroeconomic models for Brazil. Chile, and Mexico. The influence of econometric procedure on simulation results is discussed. Then, by simulation analysis, the following issues are addressed: (1) likelihood of high domestic growth rates for Latin America in the late 1980s; (2) whether OECD growth or interest rates have a larger impact on developing-country economies; (3) effects of dollar depreciation and high interest rates on Latin America's debt problems.     

On the normal approximation of an estimate of the mean residual life of a multicomponent system

An estimate of the mean residual life function of a complex system of k independent identically distributed components is proposed and studied with emphasis being on the order of normal approximation.     

有限封闭空间中物体表面微波实时成象

有限封闭空间中物体表面微波成象是电磁学和雷达技术中最重要的研究课题之一。本文讨论了具有三维粗糙表面的物体处于有限封闭空间中的微波实时成象问题,提出了一个实际可行的成象方法。在假定粗糙表面的高度函数服从正态分布的情况下,本文推出了粗糙表面微皮软射截面公式,给出了计算机计算结果并对该结果进行了讨论。应用FM-CW成象系统进行实验,获得了粗糙表面散射特性曲线及二维截面图形。     

东亚经济合作的构想与难题

东亚经济合作是提升亚洲经济竞争力的必然选择,在"10+3"机制下建立东亚自由贸易区将成为东亚经济合作的目标,但东亚经济合作的前景仍将曲折而艰难,面临很多挑战,需要东亚国家的共同努力.