组件GIS开发技术初探

本文介绍了组件式地理信息系统(ComGIS)的基本概念,分析了其技术特点并重点探讨了基于组件的地理信息系统开发技术.     

Monitoring and modeling the urban growth of two mid-sized Chilean cities

Chile's economic development model changed drastically in 1973. Public policy liberalization ended and the market became the principal entity for regulating growth, including urban growth. The implementation of this new model resulted in unprecedented urban growth, markedly impacting the landscape. In mid-sized cities, this spatial growth has been especially significant. Two examples of such mid-sized cities are Chillán and Los Ángeles, located in the Biobío Region, in the so-called Central Valley. This research analyzed the land use/cover change in Chillán and Los Ángeles from 1978 to 1998, identified the patterns of urban growth and the fragmentation of the urban space, applying GIS and remote sensing tools. The main driving forces of the urban changes were analyzed and the model to predict the land use/cover changes was applied. Our results show the importance of monitoring and modeling rapid urban growth for attaining sustainable mid-sized cities in developing countries that are strongly dependent on export of natural resources. Monitoring and modeling could also help to avoid a repetition of the errors that produced the unsustainable growth characteristic of large Latin American cities.     

GIS在燃气管道风险评估中的应用

风险评估是燃气管道管理信息系统的重点之一。该文建立了燃气管道风险评估模型,将GIS用于埋地燃气管道风险分析中,采用GIS软件做出管道风险评估图,并指出风险评估可成为燃气行业中一种新型的管理手段。     

Politics and performance: the implications of emerging governance arrangements for urban management approaches and information systems

Challenges to traditional public sector approaches to urban government have had an impact on various aspects of governance and management, including political arrangements, decision making processes, ways of ensuring accountability, the allocation of roles and responsibilities between public sector agencies and other potential service providers and between different levels of government, and the mobilisation and allocation of financial resources for urban development. These are discussed, drawing in particular on recent research on urban poverty and governance in ten cities in the South. The changing approaches to urban government and management have been accompanied by attempts to define criteria by which urban governance arrangements and performance can be assessed, which are summarised and critically evaluated. Finally, the potential value of a particular set of tools (GIS) for emerging approaches to urban governance is assessed. Their potential for improving the information available to all governance actors is recognised. However, because of their cost and technological and managerial demands, as well as the limited effectiveness of spatial planning and inequalities in access to information, plans for their use must be financially, institutionally and politically realistic.     

城市居住用地生态适宜性评价体系研究——以哈尔滨群力新区为例

为了优化城市人居环境,科学判定城市居住用地的生态适宜性,主要研究适应于城市大范围居住区的生态适宜性评价指标体系和方法。根据居住区整体同质、内部异质的特点,建立了两套评价指标体系,并分别采用物元可拓分析法和GIS空间加权叠加分析法,以哈尔滨群力新区为例进行实证研究。物元分析表明群力新区规划建设整体的土地适宜性较好。基于ArcGIS9.2的多因素空间加权叠加分析的结果得到了区域内不同适宜性等级的分布图。通过这两种评价方法的有机结合,优势互补,有利于提高居住区土地适宜性信息的管理水平。     

现代伦理“本真性”的三重建构

现代伦理学对本真性的关注是出于对现代伦理本真性的价值反思,从这一价值反思出发,可以勾勒出现代伦理学中本真性的建构线索。从道德价值到现代人乃至道德生活,本真性成为一条贯穿现代伦理学的隐秘线索,进而构成了先验论建构、存在论建构以及历史文化建构。这样,现代伦理学的价值呈现出另一种理论样态,从而也为现代伦理学的重构提供了另一种理论资源与实践思维。     

基于农用地分等成果的大庆市基本农田保护规划研究

以大庆市为例,探讨将农用地分等成果应用于基本农田建设规划设计,为新一轮土地利用总体规划修编提供依据。本文结合大庆市区农用地分等自然等指数、农用地的区位条件和农用地的连片程度,建立逼近于“理想点”的加权排序模型对耕地进行综合排序,按耕地的综合排序顺序应用末级淘汰制遴选基本农田。充分考虑到大庆市区石油产业发展的不确定性特点,结合市区城市发展趋势对初步确定的基本农田保护区进行了两次调整,最终确定基本农田保护率为80．14％,保护规模为112642．2hm2,并应用GIS软件绘制最终的基本农田保护区图。     

基于GIS的山东半岛蓝色经济区旅游交通网络结构研究

旅游业在山东半岛蓝色经济区经济建设、产业发展中发挥着重要作用。旅游产业的快速发展必然以交通作为支撑,合理的旅游交通网络布局能够快速集散客流并提高游客满意度。本文在分析山东半岛蓝色经济区旅游资源特征基础上,运用a指数、β指数、通达度指数、平均路径长等对山东半岛蓝色经济区的旅游交通网络结构进行分析,得出区域的旅游交通网络的连接度属于中等水平,通达度属于中等偏低水平,因此山东半岛蓝色经济区需要加强和加快构建旅游交通网络,提高旅游交通网络的连接性和通达性。     

《读史方舆纪要》数据库建设中地名解析的原则与方法

《读史方舆纪要》是明末清初顾祖禹的历史地理名著,以明代政区为纲,记叙全国地理地物分布及沿革,包含的地理信息详细而全面,是一本常用的历史地理参考书。但该书卷帙浩繁,检索困难,且空间关系不易定位,因此以GIS技术为支撑,构建信息化的管理、检索系统显得非常必要。而构建该系统面临的首要问题就是地名信息的解析及其关系的构建。这主要包括四个方面:第一,地名条目的鉴别与分割。在总结《读史方舆纪要》行文特点基础上,提出了条目鉴别与分割的原则。第二,地名所属行政系统的确定,即按照地名隶属关系,将其分为普通政区与军管型政区两大系统。第三,政区地名隶属关系与层级关系的确定,即按照明代行政区划的特点及《读史方舆纪要》的记载,确定地名的上下隶属关系与层级关系。第四,非政区地名类型的划分,即按照地名所代表的地物性质,将其划分为山脉、河流及其他地名三大类型。从这四个方面出发,提出《读史方舆纪要》地名挖掘、分类解析的基本原则和方法,为古籍地名数据库建设和信息化提供借鉴。     

中国区域创新发展时空演化的测度分析

文章基于GIS方法对1994年以来我国区域创新发展的均衡性进行了测度分析。首先,引入区域重心模型,对我国创新重心的时空偏离进行了可视化测算,然后结合相关统计指标对我国区域创新发展均衡性的时间特征和空间特征进行了系统分析。结果表明:1994年以来,我国区域间创新发展的不均衡性较为明显,创新重心一直向南偏东方向移动,区域间创新差异还主要体现为东西差距;区域创新发展的绝对差异和相对差异一直在扩大,创新发展速度较快的省份还主要集中在东南沿海地区。