Higher education outcomes, graduate employment and university performance indicators

Summary.  Official employment-related performance indicators in UK higher education are based on the population of students responding to the 'First destination supplement' (FDS). This generates potentially biased performance indicators as this population of students is not necessarily representative of the full population of leavers from each institution. University leavers who do not obtain qualifications and those who do not respond to the FDS are not included within the official analysis. We compare an employment-related performance indicator based on those students who responded to the FDS with alternative approaches which address the potential non-random nature of this subgroup of university leavers.     

可持续发展动态评价研究——以湖北省为例

在阐明可持续发展基本理论的基础上，根据省情，从经济、社会、资源、环境四方面构建湖北省可持续发展指标体系，针对小样本数据特点，运用灰色关联分析法、偏最小二乘回归对其可持续发展状况进行动态评价。     

基于成本核算的政府绩效评价指标体系构建与应用

政府绩效评价是政府评价主体运用一定的评价方法对政府绩效进行考核评价的过程。由于我国政府绩效评价起步较晚,部分地方还存在重投入轻管理、重支出轻绩效的问题,绩效考核结果的导向作用不强,成本核算成为提升政府绩效的核心。因此,文章在成本核算的基础上对政府绩效进行评价,采用层次分析法从经济发展、社会管理、教育科技、资源环境、成本管理、公共服务六大方面构建基于成本核算的政府绩效评价指标体系,将其应用于H市政府的绩效评价工作,从而有效地提高政府的公信力和执行力,同时也有助于推进我国政府绩效评价工作的发展。     

技术指标能够预测商品期货价格吗? 来自中国的证据

基于移动价格平均、动量和移动交易量平均三类技术指标,研究了其对中国大宗商品期货价格的预测效果,并以基于宏观变量的预测为基准比较分析了其预测能力.主要结论如下,第一,技术指标能够在样本内和样本外检验中有效预测我国大宗商品期货价格,其预测效果显著超过已有文献中广泛使用的宏观经济指标.第二,对于不同的模型设定和数据频率,技术指标预测效果表现稳健.第三,从资产配置角度出发,基于技术指标的预测具有显著经济意义,能够显著提高资产配置效率,获得超额收益.相关结果能够为大宗商品投资及风险管理提供经验和策略支持.     

From Birth to Death: A Social Monitoring Framework from New Zealand

The paper begins by outlining the development of social indicators work and social monitoring at the national level in New Zealand and comments on how this relates to the international movement. It describes the 'key' indicators/life stage approach developed by the New Zealand Planning Council in the early 1980s. This exercise continues from a university base and the fourth report in the series, entitled Tracking Social Change in New Zealand was published in early 1998. Examples are presented to show how the results can be used to highlight the policy implications of changing social trends.     

建立与完善人才评价机制

人才评价对于实际工作具有配置、导向、激励和约束四重作用,是实现管理功能的动力所在。面对现阶段制约人才评价的诸多问题,为充分发挥管理的功能,需要对人才评价机制进行完善。在界定人才评价机制优劣标准的基础上,建立人才评价机制模型,以展示人才评价机制的结构、内部联系及运行机理,实现组织和人才的自加压、自运行和自寻优。     

Efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge management systems in SMEs

This paper proposes a 3D fuzzy logic methodology to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of knowledge management systems (KMSs) adopted by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) and identifies a classification bringing together the behaviour of SMEs when adopting KMSs. The proposed methodology was previously tested on an individual SME and then implemented on a sample of SMEs. The results highlight that there is an ample variety of behaviours related to the nature of knowledge and the KMSs used. Specifically, four typologies of behaviour are identified: the efficient and effective SME, the effective but inefficient SME, the efficient but ineffective SME, and the inefficient and ineffective SME. The results show that only 18% of surveyed SMEs are efficient and effective for both KM-Tools and KM-Practices, the remaining 82% are inefficient or ineffective for KM-Tools and/or KM-Practices. Lastly, the paper shows how this methodology may be used by an SME as a managerial tool to suggest appropriate changes to improve the efficient and effective adoption of KMSs supporting SMEs in the knowledge management processes.     

铜、镉、汞对水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

目的:研究必需元素Cu2+和非必需元素Cd2+、Hg2+对水稻幼苗生长的影响,探讨水稻抵抗重金属毒害的机理.方法:用质量浓度为0.25 mmol/L、0.5 mmol/L、1.0 mmol/L重金属离子溶液滴灌水稻幼苗,测定处理后幼苗根和叶的长度,蛋白质和叶绿素含量,过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性及过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的表达变化.结果:重金属离子抑制水稻幼苗生长,降低幼苗根和叶可溶性蛋白含量,增强了根、叶POD活性和根系SOD活性;Cu2+增强幼苗叶SOD活性,而Cd2+和Hg2+抑制幼苗叶SOD活性.不同浓度Cd2+降低水稻幼苗叶绿素含量;不同浓度Hg2+降低幼苗根和叶CAT活性;Cd2+增强根CAT活性,但抑制叶CAT活性;随着Cu2+浓度增大而逐渐减弱根和叶CAT活性.POD与SOD同工酶电泳结果与其活性检测相一致.结论:Cu2+、Cd2+、Hg2+处理对水稻幼苗POD、SOD和CAT活性的影响与重金属种类和浓度有关并存在器官特异性.水稻幼苗表现出抗氧化活性增加和减少两种情况,说明抗氧化系统不仅具有解毒功能,同时还是Cd2+、Cu2+和Hg2+对植物产生毒性的作用位点.     

Parallels Between Objective Indicators and Subjective Perceptions of Quality of Life: A Study of Metropolitan and County Areas in Taiwan

This study explores the consistency between objective indicators and subjective perceptions of quality of life in a ranking of survey data for cities and counties in Taiwan. Data used for analysis included the Statistical Yearbook of Hsiens and Municipalities and the Survey on Living Conditions of Citizens in Taiwan, both given for the year 2000. The Quality of life was examined in seven domains: medical services, domestic finances, work, education, leisure, public safety, and environmental quality. Subjective and objective rankings for each domain of quality of life for 23 areas (some areas are cities and some are counties) are compared. Analysis by means of nonparametric correlation coefficients indicates that there is no significant correlation between objective indicators and subjective perceptions, except in Education and Environmental Quality. Objective indicators of Environmental Quality (air pollution and garbage) are positively correlated with subjective satisfaction with residential environment. But inexplicably, higher levels of literacy and educational achievement are negatively correlated with satisfaction with the educational system. It may be considered that disparity in either average objective conditions or in average subjective perceptions may not adequately depict quality of life differences.

Measuring Active Citizenship through the Development of a Composite Indicator

This article defines Active Citizenship within a European context as a broad range of value based participation. It develops a framework for measuring this phenomenon which combines the four dimensions of Protest and Social Change, Community Life, Representative Democracy and Democratic values. The European Social Survey 2002 is used to populate the framework as this survey provided the best data coverage available and covered 19 European Countries. In total 61 indicators were selected. A composite indicator (CI), The Active Citizenship Composite Indicator (ACCI), is built using the framework provided and using experts’ weights. In addition, the robustness of the results is tested using sensitivity analysis. The limitations to the ACCI are explained in terms of the limitation of the data availability in particular concerning the new forms of participation and less organised forms of participation. Nevertheless, ACCI proved to be statistically robust and reliable and proved to be a useful tool for monitoring levels of citizenship in Europe. The results of ACCI exhibit interesting and quite distinct regional patterns. The results showed that the Nordic countries, and in particular Sweden, have the highest rate of Active Citizenship, followed by Central Europe and Anglo-Saxon countries. Mediterranean countries are next followed by Eastern European countries that close the ranking.