Intention to emigrate in transition countries: the case of Albania

We analyse the profile of potential emigrants from Albania using data from the Central and Eastern Europe Eurobarometer in 1992. Respondents were asked to rate on a four-point scale the likelihood that they would go to live in Western Europe. Our results show that intention to emigrate is correlated positively with males, education and certain occupations, and negatively with age. There is little relation between emigration and income. Those who support the introduction of a free market in Albania are also more likely to emigrate than those who do not. Received: 24 August 1998/Accepted: 17 April 2000     

Saving behaviour and earnings uncertainty: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey

For the first time, this paper uses a panel data set, the British Household Panel Survey, to analyse saving behaviour in Britain. One objective is to test the precautionary saving hypothesis, according to which households save to self-insure against uncertainty. Our results show that in accordance with this hypothesis, various measures of uncertainty based on earnings variability have a statistically significant effect on households' saving decisions. Moreover, in accordance with the life cycle model, households save more if they expect their financial situation to deteriorate. Received: 15 June 1999/Accepted: 4 January 2001     

Ecosystem resilience, specialized adaptation and population decline: A modern Malthusian theory

The purpose of this article is to construct a theoretical framework characterizing the interactions among economic development, ecosystem equilibrium and possible population decline, and to discuss the population dynamics in the very long run. In our framework, economic activities bridge population and environment. On the one hand, human beings reform the environment through economic activities; on the other hand, economic activities decrease environmental resilience and increase the possibility of an environmental change in a discontinuous and irreversible pattern, as described in Arrow et al. (1995). Furthermore, a highly developed economy also causes over-specialization of human adaptation, which tends to exaggerate the impact of an environmental change on human population size. Received: 19 January 1999/Accepted: 3 July 1999     

论比较利益原理与发展中国家的贸易政策选择

比较利益原理为国际贸易理论研究和政策选择提供了统一的基础性分析框架。然而 ,发展中国家贸易政策选择却长期背离比较利益原理 ,到 2 0世纪 70年代后才逐渐向比较利益原理回归 ,90年代亚洲金融危机后又对比较利益原理的运用重新进行思考。反思上述历史过程 ,我们应注意以下问题 :在贸易理论研究中 ,要使贸易政策理论具有可操作性 ,不能将贸易纯理论简单地等同于贸易政策理论 ,系统的比较研究和实证研究具有重要意义 ,对理论研究中的意识形态因素应加以重视 ;在贸易政策实践中 ,要尽可能排除利益集团的干扰 ,注意汇率制度的配合 ,安排好各项改革措施的先后次序 ,并充分认识国家大小因素对政策规划的影响。     

A two phases queueing system with Bernoulli vacation schedule under multiple vacation policy

This paper deals with a single server Poisson arrival queue with two phases of heterogeneous service along with a Bernoulli schedule vacation model, where after two successive phases service the server either goes for a vacation with probability p (0≤p≤1) or may continue to serve the next unit, if any, with probability q(=1−p). Further the concept of multiple vacation policy is also introduced here. We obtained the queue size distributions at a departure epoch and at a random epoch, Laplace Stieltjes Transform of the waiting time distribution and busy period distribution along with some mean performance measures. Finally we discuss some statistical inference related issues.     

我国高校图书出版业的历史、现状与发展

我国大学图书出版业经历了60年代～70年代的压缩和停滞,80年代的初具规模,90年代进入良性循环和全面发展三个阶段.随着改革开放的不断深入,市场经济体制的逐步完善,高校图书产业的管理机制与经营方式已从盲目、无序的感性思维模式,上升到较为科学、规范的层次,既逐步适应于高等教育事业改革发展的需要,又逐步适应图书市场运作规律的理性管理模式.当前,我国高校出版社正仰仗高校人才、学科、教学科研等方面优势,积极发展大学出版产业,为推动我国高教事业的全面发展作出更大努力.     

The cost of children: May the collective approach to household behavior help?

The collective approach to household consumption behavior tries to infer from variables supposed to affect the general bargaining position of household members information on the allocation of consumptions goods and tasks among them. This paper investigates the extension of previous work to the case where children may be considered as a public consumption good by the two adult members of a household. The main question being asked is whether it is possible to retrieve from the aggregate consumption behaviour of the household and the relative earnings of the parents information on the allocation of goods between them and children. This alternative approach to the estimation of the ‘cost of children’ is contrasted with the conventional approach based on a ‘unitary’ representation of and demographic separability assumptions on household consumption behaviour. Received: 29 August 1997/Accepted: 26 November 1998     

On the mode of administering a questionnaire and responses to open-ended items

Concurrently administered personal and telephone surveys are compared to measure differences between the modes for identical questions. Speed of questioning is found to be greater in telephone interviews than personal interviews. The faster pace of telephone interviews is linked to shorter answers to open-ended items on the telephone. The tendency to reduce such responses is disproportionately exhibited by younger, affluent respondents who tend to provide detailed responses in personal interviews.     

历史上中国和中华民族的形成与发展问题讨论述略

20世纪后半叶，史学界本着民族平等的原则，就中国古代民族关系问题展开讨论。80年代前讨论的重点是怎样理解历史上的中国，包括其涵义、历代疆域、民族、中原王朝和边疆民族政权等相关问题；90年代后则转向中华民族的形成、发展及其凝聚力等问题上。     

陕甘宁边区社会矛盾利益调节机制

抗日战争时期,毛泽东创造性运用马克思主义,提出了民族斗争和阶级斗争一致性理论。陕甘宁边区作为党中央直接领导的抗日民主政府,依据毛泽东这一理论,综合运用行政、政策、法律等手段,建立了一套较为完整的解决社会矛盾的利益调节机制,妥善解决了陕甘宁边区不同阶级之间的矛盾,促进了边区社会经济的发展,保障了抗战物资财政所需,扩大巩固了抗日民主政权的社会基础,为党解决抗日根据地社会矛盾提供了成功经验。毛泽东解决社会矛盾的重要思想和陕甘宁边区的成功实践,对我们今天构建社会主义和谐社会依然具有重要启示和借鉴。