Economic subsystems and the occupational structure: A comparison of Hungary and the United States

This article proposes a new way of looking at social inequality in socialist and nonsocialist societies. In the first section, a conceptual framework for recovering houseworkers for class analysis is introduced, and a historically-based argument for representing them in the occupational structure is advanced. The second section reviews the evolution of social cleavages from the preindustrial era to the present day and discusses the implications of using the same occupational classification scheme to describe both socialist and nonsocialist societies. This occupational classification is illustrated in the concluding section of the paper by reanalyzing data from Hungary and the United States. The results provide new insights into the structure of gender-based inequalities and the effects of socialism on the occupational division of labor.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 84th annual meeting of the American Sociological Association in San Francisco, August 1989.     

从潮汕侨批看海外潮人的女性观

性别观念是社会经济、政治的产物和反映,从《潮汕侨批萃编》第一辑收集的493封侨批中,可见到20世纪四五十年代寄批的海外潮人的女性观。主要有两种一是”男尊女卑”的传统女性观,体现了海外潮人身在海外,仍传承着潮汕社会重男轻女、尊长重嫡的宗族意识;二是提倡接受教育,追求自立的女性观,说明了海外潮人由于主客观条件的变化,女性观也有所变化。     

抗战时期根据地妇女政治参与探析

抗战时期,在我党妇女政策的引导下,根据地妇女政治参与的热情空前高涨.这一时期,根据地妇女政治参与的主要形式有:参加各种各样的妇女组织,参选,参政,参加抗战、生产和生活改革.根据地妇女的政治参与的形式对我们今天推进妇女参政有着宝贵的借鉴经验:党和政府要高度重视妇女在建设中的作用,充分了解各阶层妇女的要求,培养和选拔妇女干部,提高妇女的知识水平.     

PLAYING WITH FIRE: On the domestication of the mobile phone among Palestinian teenage girls in Israel

This paper offers an analysis of mobile phone practices among Palestinian Israeli teenage girls, framed within a discussion about the domestication of communication technologies, women and the telephone, and Palestinian teenage girls in Israel. The paper constructs a detailed account of mobile phone use among Palestinian Israeli girls who, at the time of the fieldwork (2003-2006), used mobile phones given to them by their illicit boyfriends, unbeknownst to their parents. The analysis explores the ways in which the phone use dialectically reaffirmed and challenged intergenerational and cross-gender relationships; and reflects on the notion of 'domestication' as a framework for analysing mobile communication media.     

现代性漩涡中的疯女人--从《晨钟响彻黄昏》、《羽蛇》、《无字》谈起

近代以来,整个中国旋转在现代性漩涡中。旋涡中的男人和女人们都在眩惑与挣扎,而女人们更是承受着现代性与男权多重、同构的宰制。在世纪之交的三部女性主义文本《晨钟响彻黄昏》、《羽蛇》和《无字》中,刘天园、羽和吴为三个疯女人各自以疯癫的方式言说着女人被诊断为疯人,被沉默为他者的癫狂之旅。     

论五四时期李大钊、胡适和梁漱溟的两度"合作"

李大钊、胡适、梁漱溟分别属于激进的社会主义者、温和的自由主义者、保守的新儒家学者 ,有着不同的知识背景和学思历程 ,以不同的方式关注并试图解决社会改造、文化重建等重大问题。由于在一些问题上存在着“共识” ,且私交甚深 ,“五四”前后曾共同参加李超女士追悼大会 ,并共同列名“好政府主义”。本文以上述两次“合作”为切入点 ,分析考察了三人在妇女运动和社会改造问题上的异同。     

African American and European American Women's Marital Well‐Being

Using a sample of 247 African American and European American women in their 3rd year of marriage, this study compared the predictors of marital well‐being for each group by focusing on the influences of individual, interpersonal, and social and economic resources. Regression analyses revealed that emotional health (individual), trusting one's spouse (interpersonal), and feeling underbenefited in the relationship (interpersonal) were significant predictors of marital well‐being for both groups of women. Physical health (individual) and in‐law relations (social and economic), however, affected the marital well‐being of only African American women. Findings from this study suggest the need to examine marital well‐being within the context of race.     

Explaining the Decline in Women's Household Labor: Individual Change and Cohort Differences

Women's hours of housework have declined, but does this change represent shifts in the behavior of individuals or differences across cohorts? Using data from the National Longitudinal Surveys, individual and cohort change in housework are examined over a 13‐year period. Responsibility for household tasks declined 10% from 1974–75 to 1987–88. For individual women, changes in housework are associated with life course shifts in time availability as well as with changes in gender attitudes and marital status, but are not related to changes in relative earnings. Cohort differences exist in responsibility for housework in the mid‐1970s and they persist over the 13‐year period. Overall, these findings suggest that aggregate changes in women's household labor reflect both individual change and cohort differences.     

Work Choices of Mothers in Families with Children with Disabilities

This study used a sample of single and married mothers with children under the age of 20 drawn from the 1992 and 1993 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine one facet of the economic implications a child with disabilities brings to a family. Specifically, the choice of women with children to work full time, part time, or not at all was estimated as a function of individual and family characteristics, including the number and ages of children with disabilities. The presence of young children, with or without disabilities, has a significant negative influence on the work choice of both single and married mothers. However, once children enter elementary school, single mothers with disabled or nondisabled children and married mothers with nondisabled children are significantly more likely to enter the labor market or increase their labor market hours than are married mothers of school‐age children with disabilities.     

Meeting Family Housing Needs: Experiences of Rural Women in the Midst of Welfare Reform

Though sometimes overlooked, the availability, affordability, and quality of housing in rural communities are a potential barrier to transitioning from welfare to work. In this investigation we examine housing issues confronting 17 rural women and their families who were recipients of welfare benefits in 1997. Respondents' housing accounts illustrate the significance of reliance on both government housing subsidies and informal subsidies supplied by friends, family, and more distant relatives. The study focuses on concerns women have in meeting their families shelter needs and the complexities involved in doing so. The findings of the research suggest that additional housing policy initiatives, as well as a targeted research agenda are needed, especially for families whose welfare benefits are nearing termination.