中国人口老龄化的地区聚类及影响因素分析

本文用离差平方和法对我国31个省、市、自治区2011年、2010年和2000年的人口老龄化相关变量（如老少比、年均人口净增长率等五个变量）进行Q型系统聚类分析,并用2011年的各类经济、社会变量对老少比进行主成分回归。研究发现：各地区依老龄化特点可以分为四类;影响老龄化程度的主要因素有社会发达程度、居民生活水平和性别比;近年来部分发达地区人口快速增长且持续老龄化,而人口流出严重的欠发达地区老龄化程度加剧。     

Aging in Timorese Exile: (Im)mobilities of Care and Intergenerational Relationships

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses transnational care and border regimes in the context of the East Timorese exile in rural Indonesia. Drawing from multi-sited ethnographic research, it explores the ways older people cope with family separation and life in exile, their aspirations, when and how transnational care becomes “on hold”, and how they deal with the impossibility of meeting intergenerational and cultural obligations. Analyzing care using the lens of “circulation”, the paper attends to the asymmetries entailed in intergenerational relationships as well as to how uneven power relations of border regimes shape transnational care exchanges. In the context of “aging in exile”, the paper underlines the importance of understanding older persons’ narratives as they are linked with the ambivalences of other family members across generations. The paper argues that the forms of immobility withholding or limiting caregiving can transcend physical boundaries. They can include the social and emotional borders conflict-divided communities build against one another over time. These “imaginary” borders require us to think about the additional asymmetries entailed in precarious familial relations and how this affects the multiple meanings of care in the context of contemporary border regimes and amid enduring legacies of violence.     

Predictors of Holding Consumer and Mortgage Debt among Older Americans

Using data from the 2000 Health and Retirement Study (HRS), this study examined the probability of older Americans holding consumer and mortgage debt. The specific objectives of this study were to identify to what extent individuals aged 65 and over hold consumer or mortgage debt and to investigate factors that influence the probability of holding consumer or mortgage debt in old age. The results of logistic regression analysis indicated that older individuals who had larger households, had higher levels of education, were aged 65–74, were married, were Black, and were employed, were more likely to hold consumer or mortgage debt. This study concluded that holding one kind of debt is associated with probability of holding another kind of debt.     

The long-term pattern of adult mortality and the highest attained age

Recent new data on old age mortality point to a particular model for the way in which the probability of dying increases with age. The model is found to fit not only modern data but also some widely spaced historical data for the 19th and 17th centuries, and even some estimates for the early mediaeval period. The results show a pattern which calls for explanation. The model can also be used to predict a probability distribution for the highest age which will be attained in given circumstances. The results are relevant to the current debate about whether there is a fixed upper limit to the length of human life.     

试论我国社会转型条件下的农村家庭养老社会保障

我国社会转型过程中的农村养老问题特别突出。由于经济发展相对落后和传统文化观念因素的影响,在广大农村,特别是经济欠发达地区,家庭养老的地位不能动摇。由家庭成员提供养老的经济支持适应经济发展水平现状,符合亲子关系中权利义务对等的社会公正原则,弥补了其他养老模式在精神赡养方面的先天不足,是广大农村地区农民养老的现实选择。但与此同时,传统的农村家庭养老已不适应我国老龄化、城市化和工业化发展的新形势,迫切需要各地区、各部门因地制宜探索出符合我国实际的农村家庭养老新模式。     

连续性抽样调查中的样本轮换研究

 内容摘要：本文首先介?绍了样本轮换研究问题提出的背景和国内外研究现状。接着介绍了分层抽样下样本轮换的理论模型。包括分层抽样下样本轮换的估计量公式和最优样本轮换率的确定方法。再接着利用前面介绍的理论知识,结合上海市城镇住房空置率抽样调查数据进行实证分析。由于该抽样调查采取的是分层抽样,因此相应地用分层抽样下的样本轮换研究。先根据该抽样调查本身的特点和社会经济活动的规律确定样本轮换时间间隔为1年。再分别计算出各层的最优样本轮换率和总体的样本轮换率。最后分别对三层子总体样本轮换的效果进行分析,分析发现各层经过样本轮换以后的精度比不进行样本轮换或进行完全样本轮换的精度有了明显的提高,轮换效果显著。     

老年、老化与老龄化的概念辨析

年龄是衡量个体进入某个生命阶段的常用标志,不仅用来统计个体从出生至死亡所经历的整年数,也用来反映个体某一时期的生理、心理特征,同时也是社会和文化对个体实施的有意义的标记。承载了一定年龄数的老年,首先是一个反映个体生理、心理特征的概念;与此同时,不同的社会文化在法律、法规、角色规范、价值观等社会设置方面对老年的规定和解释也各不相同。老化最初是指个体层面上的从成年到老年生理功能、心理能力的衰退过程,后来越来越多地与个体的整个生命历程以及个体所在的社会文化环境联系起来。老龄化是一个宏观层面上的人口学概念,指老年人口在总人口中比重提高的过程。老年、老化、老龄化三个概念由于在某种程度上均与年龄相关而存在联系,但是它们含义不同,不能混淆使用。     

(Re)Envisioning Human Service Labor: Worker-Owned Cooperative Possibilities

This article explores the viability of worker-owned cooperatives as a promising human service delivery model that prioritizes the well-being of both care recipients and providers. In so doing, the current labor conditions of those providing direct care services are presented, followed by a review of cooperatives as a promising countertrend within human service delivery. Three case examples of worker-owned, direct-care cooperatives are presented, concluding with a discussion of the challenges and possibilities of this model and suggested next steps as we continue to (re)imagine modes of care provision premised on worker sovereignty, economic equality, and social justice.     

Oral diagnostics: an integral component to geriatric health care

Abstract

Aging is inevitable, every day we live we age. The mouth is referred to as a mirror of overall health, reinforcing that oral health is an integral part of general health. Oral health reflects overall well being for the elderly population. Compromised oral health may be a risk factor for systemic diseases commonly occurring in age. Diagnosis and proper treatment is essential for healthy aging. Timely diagnosis, appropriate treatment and regular follow-up of both oral and systemic diseases are a prerequisite for active aging. Oral diagnostics is a revolutionary development with high potential to replace other investigative modalities. Changing demographics, including the increase in life expectancy and the growing numbers of elderly, has focused attention on the need for dental research activities to be expanded for geriatric dentistry. This paper is aimed to shed light on the growing elderly population and their ailments. It also aims to create awareness among health care providers about oral diagnostics and their application in geriatrics.