农村幼儿园设立与儿童入园选择

基于中国农村发展调查2016年和2019年的面板数据,采用Probit、线性概率模型（LPM）和二值选择随机效应模型（xtprobit）实证分析村幼儿园的设立现状及其影响因素,并进一步探究村内幼儿园设立状况对适龄儿童入园地点选择的影响。研究结果表明：（1）2016-2019年,设立幼儿园的村庄占比保持在30%,但同期村内3~6周岁儿童上幼儿园的比例从86%提高到91%。（2）适龄儿童数量越多,村内设立幼儿园的可能性越大,且该正向相关关系在高中及以上劳动力占比高、距离乡镇近、较富裕、平原地区的村庄更明显。（3）村内设立幼儿园能显著促进本村适龄儿童在村内上幼儿园,有力缓解了农村学龄前儿童入园远、成本高的问题,但家长对本村幼儿园的服务质量并不满意。据此提出以下建议：实现农村适龄儿童“幼有所育”需要根据适龄儿童数量因地制宜创新学前教育服务模式,尤其要加强对教育相对落后、偏远西部山区农村幼儿园的政策倾斜力度,并进一步加强家校合作,提升农村幼儿园质量,为我国经济社会可持续发展奠定人力资本基础。     

Child protection pathways for newborn infants: A multi-disciplinary retrospective chart review of an Irish maternity hospital’s records

In Ireland, little is known about mothers and infants where child welfare and protection concerns arise during the perinatal period. This study explores, for the first time, perinatal child protection. A retrospective audit was carried out of a large maternity hospital's medical social work, neonatal and psychiatric files for a five-year period from 2016 to 2020. The study identified 99 children, born to 86 mothers, who were either subject to a child protection conference; placed for adoption; discharged to someone other than the mother; or discharged home under supervision. The study found that two-thirds of the children were discharged to their mother's care. When compared to national data, the health indicators for this cohort of mothers and children painted a grim picture. The maternal profiles identified high prevalence of mental health and addiction difficulties and domestic violence. The study found evidence of supports provided to the mothers to enable them to care for their infants while they remained in the hospital and during an initial discharge from hospital. However, a significant number of the mothers were not caring for their children when viewed across a longer time frame. Dedicated multi-disciplinary clinics and improved data systems were identified as of importance.     

如何削弱网络口碑离散对购买意愿的负面影响: 口碑分布呈现方式的讨论

网络口碑离散反映了已有评论者有关产品态度褒贬不一的程度,这种不确定性风险的传达将对消费者的购买意愿带来负面影响。本文基于已有网络口碑离散归因选择模型结论,结合双系统理论补充了分析式系统对有关口碑离散积极归因选择的促进作用,运用元认知理论检验了我国现行主流网络平台典型的三种口碑分布呈现方式对有关口碑离散积极归因选择的调节作用。本文通过2个眼动实验,共计329名被试的实证分析发现:(1)分析式系统的激活可以有效促使消费者做出有关口碑离散积极的归因选择;(2)当口碑分布呈现方式为适度复杂时,分析式系统的激活将有利于消费者在有关口碑离散的综合判断归因中做出了积极的归因选择;但并不是所有能引起信息不流畅性感知的口碑分布呈现方式都能显著影响分析式系统激活与有关网络口碑离散的积极归因选择间的关系,当口碑分布呈现方式带来的认知负荷未满足消费者的认知需要(简单呈现方式)或者超过了消费者的承载上限(非常复杂呈现方式)时,分析式系统的激活均对有关网络口碑离散积极的归因选择无显著影响,最终无法起到削弱网络口碑离散负面影响的作用(3)即使在引入平均星级水平和产品属性的讨论后,上述研究结论仍成立。本文研究结论不仅补充了网络口碑离散负面影响的削弱机制及削弱策略,而且对营销者进行网络口碑管理提供了具体且可行的参考。     

Does midwifery continuity of care make a difference to women with perinatal mental health conditions: A cohort study,from Australia

BackgroundPerinatal mental health (PMH) conditions are associated with an increased risk of adverse perinatal outcomes including preterm birth. Midwifery caseload group practice (continuity of care, MCP) improves perinatal outcomes including a 24 % reduction of preterm birth. The evidence is unclear whether MCP has the same effect for women with perinatal mental health conditions.AimTo compare perinatal outcomes in women with a mental health history between MCP and standard models of maternity care. The primary outcome measured the rates of preterm birth.MethodsA retrospective cohort study using routinely collected data of women with PMH conditions between 1st January 2018 – 31st January 2021 was conducted. We compared characteristics and outcomes between groups. Multivariate logistic regression models were performed adjusting for a-priori selected variables and factors that differ between models of care.ResultsThe cohort included 3028 women with PMH, 352 (11.6 %) received MCP. The most common diagnosis was anxiety and depression (n = 723, 23.9 %). Women receiving MCP were younger (mean 30.9 vs 31.3, p = 0.03), Caucasian (37.8 vs 27.1, p < 0.001), socio-economically advantaged (31.0 % vs 20.2, p < 0.001); less likely to smoke (5.1 vs 11.9, p < 0.001) and with lower BMI (mean 24.3 vs 26.5, p < 0.001) than those in the standard care group. Women in MCP had lower odds of preterm birth (adjOR 0.46, 95 % CI 0.24–0.86), higher odds of vaginal birth (adjOR 2.55, 95 % CI 1.93–3.36), breastfeeding at discharge (adj OR 3.06, 95 % CI 2.10–4.55) with no difference in severe adverse neonatal outcome (adj OR 0.79, 95 % CI 0.57–1.09).ConclusionsThis evidence supports MCP for women with PMH. Future RCTs on model of care for this group of women is needed to establish causation.