营养教育对学前教育专业学生营养知识和饮食行为的影响评价

采用整群抽样方法，以问卷的方式分别在营养教育前、后对在校270名2011级初中起点5年制学前教育专业学生进行营养知识知晓率和饮食行为科学状况进行调查。结果显示，营养教育后，营养知识知晓率显著提高，平均知晓率由55.02%增加到71.70%；饮食行为明显改善，平均正确饮食行为比率由46.11%增加到53.65%，营养教育能有效提高学生营养知识知晓率和转变饮食行为状况；女生营养知识知晓率提高、饮食行为改善方面优于男生，营养教育效果女生优于男生。     

Eating disorders and academic performance among college students

Abstract

Objective: There is a paucity of research exploring eating disorders (EDs) and academic performance (AP). This study aimed to understand the effect of ED treatment on AP, hypothesizing that students receiving treatment for EDs would have a higher GPA. Participants: The Spring 2010 – Spring 2011 National College Health Assessment data (N?=?231,586) was utilized. Methods: Ordinal logistic regressions, controlling for key confounders, analyzed the association between those diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia and GPA. Results: Students diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia and treated with medication and psychotherapy were respectively 1.49 (1.24, 1.80; p?<?.0001) or 1.35 (1.13, 1.61; p?=?.0009) times more likely to have a higher GPA (p?<?.0001) compared to students without EDs. Conclusion: Findings expand the literature on EDs and AP among college students. Additional research is needed to determine whether the combination of medication and psychotherapy is the most effective way to improve AP among students with EDs.     

Developments in National Policies for Food and Nutrition Security in Brazil

Brazil is on track to achieve many of the Millennium Development Goals, and this is widely credited to bold and innovative government policies backed by new forms of popular participation in social policy. This article examines evaluation evidence on two of the most important recent initiatives in Brazil's policies for food and nutrition security (conditional cash transfers through Bolsa Família and support for family agriculture through the Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos). It also considers advances in older policies (such as the School Meals programme) and the work of the National Council for Food and Nutrition Security, which has culminated in national legislation establishing food and nutrition security as a right.     

Intrahousehold empowerment gaps in agriculture and children's well‐being in Bangladesh

This article examines the relationship between empowerment gaps between spouses and children's nutritional status and education using nationally representative data from the 2012 Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey. We measure relative empowerment of spouses using the recently developed Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. We find that while gender gaps in empowerment are only linked weakly to children's nutritional status, fathers’ and mothers’ empowerment have different effects on investment in children. Fathers’ empowerment is positively associated with younger children's nutrition and schooling, while mothers’ empowerment is more important for girls’ education in general and in keeping older boys and girls in school.     

公选课模式对高职大学生营养教育效果的研究——以广州城市职业学院为例

研究了公选课模式对高职大学生营养教育干预的效果,用自行设计的调查问卷,在营养教育前后进行调查。结果表明:营养教育后大学生对9项基本营养知识的认知有了明显提高,对5项营养态度有了明显端正,对8项营养行为有了明显规范,与营养教育前相比,差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01)。特别是"对七大营养素的认识"、"对营养知识的兴趣"和"经常饮水"三大指标的提高最为明显。因此,运用公选课模式对大学生进行营养教育,效果是显著的。     

Evaluating a social marketing campaign on healthy nutrition and lifestyle among primary-school children: A mixed-method research design

Italy has one of the highest levels of childhood overweight and obesity in Europe. Therefore, preventing children from becoming overweight is a major public health challenge. Here, we used a mixed-method research approach – including a quasi-experimental design and three surveys – to create a formative evaluation of a social marketing campaign on healthy nutrition and lifestyle in Italian primary school children. The social marketing campaign was organized around the 4 Ps of the marketing mix (product: the educational activities; place: the involved schools and supermarkets; promotion: the in-person and technology-based communication; and price: hours spent by the targeted children in fulfilling the educational activities). The campaign involved primary-school children across four Italian cities. The findings suggest that social marketing education campaigns can be effective tools to improve children’s knowledge about healthy food and lifestyle, reduce their sedentary behavior, and increase their consumption of healthy food. Also, increasing children’s acceptance of healthful nourishment is a valuable tool to improve the dietary habits of the entire family. With relation to the educational program assessment method, this study can inform societal interventions especially those involving children through the integration of different qualitative and quantitative research methods, which collect data from different subjects and perspectives.     

两个水稻栽培种植株锌分配及其籽粒锌含量变化的比较研究

利用土栽和水培试验比较研究了水稻栽培种Ｖ５６ 和湘早籼１７ 植株的锌分配及籽粒锌含量变化．结果表明：土栽及水培下锌的分配没有出现基因型差异；土栽下Ｖ５６ 籽粒及地上其它部分的锌含量明显高于湘早籼１７ ，但水培下品种间的差异降低；与土栽相比，水培植株各部分的锌含量显著增加，不过籽粒锌增加的幅度最低．     

The Seeming Paradox of Increasing Mortality in a Highly Industrialized Nation: The Example of the Soviet Union

A discussion of the surprising phenomenon of declining life expectancy in a highly developed country such as the Soviet Union during the 1970s shows that this result was probably due only in a small part to ‘true’ causal changes in the conditions of living. At least equally important is the weaknesses of the measure of life expectancy by itself. The logical difference between period and cohort measurement is one part of the explanation. Another important factor is the adverse selection of risks by war, which makes international and intertemporal comparisons less valuable. Factors like population redistribution or changes in the registration also contribute to the explanation. Thus; life expectancy (in particular period life expectancy) should not, without closer consideration, be accepted as a reliable indicator of human welfare under such circumstances.     

“Drunkorexia”: Exploring the Who and Why of a Disturbing Trend in College Students’ Eating and Drinking Behaviors

Abstract. Objective: “Drunkorexia,” limiting food intake before alcohol consumption, increases college students’ risk for negative alcohol-related health consequences. The current study tested whether (1) women engage in drunkorexia more frequently than men; (2) weight control motivations explain sex differences in drunkorexia; and (3) among women, weight control motivations are a particularly strong predictor of drunkorexia for heavier drinkers. Participants: Undergraduate males and females (N = 63) recruited during fall of 2011. Methods: Participants self-reported their alcohol consumption, drunkorexia, and weight control motivations online. Results: Findings supported hypotheses: weight control motivations explained why women engage in drunkorexia more than men; and the weight control motivation → drunkorexia relation was strongest for heavier- (vs lighter-) drinking women. Conclusion: Women have more weight concerns than men, which makes them more likely to engage in drunkorexia. Heavy-drinking women with strong weight control motivations are at greatest risk for drunkorexia. Interventions should help students more safely reconcile pressures to be thin and drink alcohol.     

庆阳市产几种野生蔬菜营养成分分析

采用2,6-二氯酚靛酚滴定法、蒽酮比色法、微量凯氏定氮法分别对庆阳市产的荠菜、蒲公英、紫花苜蓿、香椿、地木耳五种野生蔬菜的维生素C、总糖、粗蛋白含量做了定量测定.结果表明:地木耳、香椿、紫花苜蓿、荠菜的Vc含量均高于一般栽培蔬菜;地木耳、香椿总糖含量较高;香椿、荠菜、蒲公英、地木耳的粗蛋白含量平均高出一般栽培蔬菜的2～3倍.这些野生蔬菜营养价值高,并有一定的医疗保健作用,具有良好的开发利用前景.