印象管理理论在高校教师教学艺术中的运用——以小组工作课程为例

戈夫曼的印象管理理论为高校教师提高教学的艺术水平提供了极大的启发。高校教师作为“表演者”,要实现成功的印象管理,需要从外部设施和个人装扮两个方面为自己进行门面装点;分清表演的区域,注意保持前台与后台之间的距离并学会在前台与后台之间自如转换;与学生进行通力合作,善于通过舞台上下的表演一致性来营造自身的权威形象,并注意观察学生的反应以及时调整自己的表演。     

当前中国大众文化的走向——对超女现象的反思

超级女声现象作为当前中国大众文化领域中出现的一个典型个案,是中国大众文化发展过程中一个必然性的偶然事件,它推动了中国社会的转型发展。通过对它的研究看到中国今后大众文化三大走向：由于平等意识、参与意识、自主意识、选举意识的增强,导致民主意识由弱到强;由于审美文化从崇高偶像化到日常生活化、从统一标准化到彰显个性化导致审美观由传统单一化到现代多元化;由于人生态度现实化、职业观念务实化、文教理念平实化导致价值取向由理想化到现实化。     

清代归旗制度行废述论

归旗制度是满洲统治者为防止驻防官兵丧失本民族特性、渐染汉习而采取的一项措施。但却在要求归旗的同时,也默许了一些驻防官兵居留驻防地。满洲统治者于此间流露出的无奈之情,乃是时势所限。而归旗制度的废止,却为满族不同社会群体的形成,尤其是分布全国的驻防群体的形成拓平了道路,是清朝社会政治经济发展的一种必然结果。     

地方弱势高校有效造就学术骨干群的问题研究

本文提出了地方弱势高校普遍缺少学术骨干群的要害问题,具体地分析这一问题的影响与构因,用求实的眼光探讨了造就学术骨干群的基本思想、实际方法及相关的激励监督制度.     

Take‐Back Legislation: Consequences for Remanufacturing and Environment

In the last two decades, many countries have enacted product take‐back legislation that holds manufacturers responsible for the collection and environmentally sound treatment of end‐of‐use products. In an industry regulated by such legislation, we consider a manufacturer that also sells remanufactured products under its brand name. Using a stylized model, we consider three levels of legislation: no take‐back legislation, legislation with collection targets, and legislation with collection and reuse targets. We characterize the optimal solution for the manufacturer and analyze how various levels of legislation affect manufacturing, remanufacturing, and collection decisions. First, we explore whether legislation with only collection targets causes an increase in remanufacturing levels, which is argued to be an environmentally friendlier option for end‐of‐use treatment than other options such as recycling. While increased remanufacturing alone is usually perceived as a favorable environmental outcome, if one considers the overall environmental impact of new and remanufactured products, this might not be the case. To study this issue, we model the environmental impact of the product following a life cycle analysis–based approach. We characterize the conditions under which increased remanufacturing due to take‐back legislation causes an increase in total environmental impact. Finally, we model the impact of legislation on consumer surplus and manufacturer profits and identify when total welfare goes down because of legislation.     

A comparison of two versus four sterile water injections for the relief of back pain in labour: A multicentre randomised equivalence trial

BackgroundRecent trials demonstrated the safety and efficacy of sterile water injections to provide relief from labour back pain. While four injections is the most common approach variations in technique, such as employing two injections, are also used.AimTo determine if the analgesic effect of two sterile water injections is clinically equivalent to four.Methods238 women in labour with a Visual Analogue Scale pain score (VAS) of 70 millimetres (mm) (0 = no pain; 100 = worst pain imaginable) were randomised to two or four sterile water injections. The primary outcome was pain measured on a VAS at 30 min post treatment. A priori margin of equivalence was set at ±10 mm. Secondary outcomes included the likelihood of achieving an at least 30% and 50% reduction in pain, birth and neonatal outcomes.ResultsAt 30 min post-injection the difference in VAS scores between the techniques was ?5.97 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] ?13.18–1.22). As the lower end of the CI exceeds the margin of ?10 mm equivalence was not demonstrated. Both techniques achieved an at least 30% reduction in pain in over 75% of participants though duration of effect was longer in the four injection group. There was no difference in other birth related secondary outcomes.ConclusionFour injections provided a margin of benefit over two injections in level and duration of analgesia.DiscussionFour injections remains the technique of choice though two injections still provided significant pain relief and would be suitable where it was not possible or desirable to provide four.