Projective (2n,n,λ,1)-designs

A projective (2n,n,λ,1)-design is a set $\text{D}$ of n element subsets (called blocks) of a 2n-element set V having the properties that each element of V is a member of λ blocks and every two blocks have a non-empty intersection. This paper establishes existence and non-existence results for various projective (2n,n,λ,1)-designs and their subdesigns.     

Procedures for improving the mle for ordered binomial parameters

The problem is that of estimating the probabilities of m independent binomial random variables when their probabilities are known to be nondecreasing and the loss function is squared error. In the cases where the m.l.e. is inadmissible (essentially when the total number of trials is 7 or more) we present a method for modifying the m.l.e. to get a better estimator. The method requires a series of changes. At each step we alter the action taken by the m.l.e. on each of three, appropriately chosen, points in the sample space.     

谈《中国古代笑话》之英译--读"有天没日"后

在汉译英研究或作品中,汉语笑话,尤其是古汉语笑话似不大多见,即使出现,也通常是"坐下席".我们这个不擅长幽默的民族在与世界上的其他民族的相互感染中已不再是"旧模样",因而这方面的翻译或研究理当得到应有的重视.现就一篇汉译英"笑话"的不当之处一述己见.     

元赋“祖骚宗汉”论

文章认为,“祖骚宗汉”实质上是元人不满于律赋的偏尚俳偶与文赋的倾于理趣,却又缺少情感或藻彩而提出的一个辞赋革新的口号。在这面旗帜下,元赋作家学习楚辞,宣泄失志之悲,驰骋想象,展开入地升天的描写;也学习汉赋的颂美皇家和铺陈讽谏。这些努力强化了元赋的抒情性和生动性,复兴了古赋的宏大气势,使之获得较高的文学价值,并奠定了明清辞赋以古为主的格局。元赋的不足是思想境界稍欠高迥,也缺少全新的创造。     

Profit efficiency analysis under limited information with an application to German farm types

Lack of information about technology and prices often hampers the empirical assessment of the profit maximization hypothesis (viz. by measuring the degree of profit efficiency). The non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology can deal with such incomplete information. We exploit the implicit but largely neglected profit interpretation of the DEA model that builds on assumptions of monotone and convex production possibility sets. We show how its embedded assessment of necessary conditions for profit maximization can be strengthened given partial information in the form of monetary sub-cost/-revenue data (that are often easier obtained than the pure quantity data). Finally, we argue that a ‘mix’ efficiency analysis is naturally complementary to such a profit efficiency analysis. An application to German farm types complements our methodological discussion. By using non-parametric statistical tests, we further demonstrate the potential of the non-parametric approach in deriving strong and robust statistical evidence while imposing minimal structure on the setting under study. In particular, we look for significant efficiency variation over regions.     

电子商务参与下的交易信用

世界经济迅速全球化、电子商务也得到了迅猛发展，全球和地区的商业合作已经成为各行业经营和管理的方式。不管在合作还是交易中交易信用的作用和需求都非常突出地显现出来了，作者通过对于国内外交易信用的调查，总结出国内信用体系建设的必要性、层次和方法以及应该注意的一些问题。     

C指针使用中的几个问题

本文给出C指针使用中的四个常见问题,详细分析了其产生原因,并指出如何避免这些问题.     

浅议新时期统一战线理论的发展

统一战线是我党的重要法宝,在我国革命和建设中都发挥了重要作用.党的三代领导集体结合我国实际,不断丰富和发展了党的统一战线理论.本文对新时期统一战线理论的发展进行了重点论述,这些理论是指导我们做好新世纪统战工作的重要理论基础.     

Sanctioning as a social norm: Expectations of non-strategic sanctioning in a public goods game experiment

Sanctioning increases cooperation in public goods games, but not indiscriminately under all conditions and in all societies, and the mechanisms by which sanctioning exercises its impact on behavior are yet to be studied in detail. We show experimentally that in the presence of sanctioning, our experimental subjects adjust their behavior in order to avoid being a free rider. They do this not only in the STANDARD sanctions treatment, where they directly experience any sanctions assigned to them, but also in our main treatment, the SECRET sanctions treatment, where no information on sanctions received is available until the end of the experiment. We observe no such free riding avoidance in the treatment without sanctioning. The mere knowledge that sanctions might be assigned increases cooperation among the members of our subject pool; subjects expect that non-strategic sanctioning occurs against the free riders. Moreover, these expectations are correct as we observe a similar pattern and extent of sanctioning in both treatments. We propose that sanctioning in itself is a social norm and may be culturally dependent, as suggested in the literature.     

THE CHOICE BETWEEN SETS OF REGRESSORS

This paper examines the choice of critical values for testing both non-sequential and nested sequential sets of constraints in the standard linear regression model. Modest increases in (e.g.) t-ratio critical values relative to their one-off values are often sufficient to maintain proper size. A Bayesian decision-theoretic approach, highlighted by the Schwarz (1978) criterion, provides a framework for deriving consistency and asymptotic local power properties of both forms of testing (data mining) algorithms.