Outcome valence and externality valence framing in public good dilemmas

The aim of this paper is to examine how framing influences people’ s cooperation behavior in social dilemmas. In Experiment 1 we investigated the influence of outcome valence (positive vs. negative outcome) and externality valence (positive vs. negative externality) framing on players’ willingness to cooperate in a repeated public good game. We found a significant interaction effect on first-round cooperation, indicating larger cooperation rates when there is a negative outcome valence and a positive externality on others. Furthermore, this effect remained largely stable when comparing cooperation over all rounds, resulting in 45–63% increased cooperation compared to the other conditions. In Experiment 2 we replicated the effect in an applied vignette study, lending support for the generalizability of this framing effect. Taken together, these findings suggest that public goods provisions may be increased substantially by framing the situation’s outcome valence as negative rather than positive.     

Is there a hidden cost of imposing a minimum contribution level for public good contributions?

We examine the effects of either exogenously imposing or endogenously letting subjects choose whether to impose minimum contribution levels (MCLs) in a linear public goods experiment using the strategy method. Our results on contribution levels to the public goods are fairly independent of how MCLs are imposed. We find that the main effect of an MCL on unconditional contributions is that it increases low contribution levels to the MCL imposed, while the effect of those contributing more than the MCL before its introduction depends on the size of the MCL. Unexpectedly, there is much more crowding out for a low MCL than for a relatively high MCL. However, the distribution of contribution types is stable across different MCLs.     

关于发展跨国经营,提高我国企业国际竞争力的思考

跨国经营自二战后产生以来发展迅速,尤其是进入９０年代达到了兴盛时期。许多发达国家通过制定全球战略,在海外投资、生产,获取了巨大利益。我国自改革开放以来,一些企业踏出国门从事跨国经营,虽然也不乏成功之例,但总的来看数量少、规模小、区域分布不广,且技术密集型项目少。究其原因,主要由于从事跨国经营的企业大多是中小型企业,在对外投资方面的政策及措施不健全,管理落后,缺乏跨国经营的人才,信息系统不完善等。针对以上存在的问题,文章提出了几点建议：加强联合以壮大企业跨国经营的规模和实力;完善对外投资方面的政策及措施;加强对跨国企业的管理;培养跨国经营人才;加强信息开发等     

“一带一路”倡议下中亚区域经贸合作机制比较与对接研究

中亚区域是“一带一路”建设的核心区域.欧亚经济联盟、中亚区域经济合作和上海合作组织作为主要合作机制都在推动着中亚区域经济合作.文章梳理和比较了这三种合作机制的组织构成、合作领域、运行模式以及合作绩效,认为中亚区域主要经贸合作机制在合作领域上具有高度重叠性,在合作绩效上具有显著差异性,合作空间广阔.在促进中亚经贸合作机制对接方面,建议加强上海合作组织与中亚区域经济合作在区域基础设施建设、贸易便利化和区域标准一致化等重点领域的合作;建立中国欧亚经济联盟自贸区,加强一体化合作;促进上海合作组织与欧亚经济联盟对接,加快基础设施、能源、旅游和教育等领域的互联互通建设.     

园校合作实践教学模式探索——以铜仁幼专学前教育专业为例

园校合作研究自2010年以来才得到逐步发展,文章以贵州铜仁幼专为例,通过对园校合作实践教学模式的内涵进行深度探讨与研究,总结出铜仁幼专学前教育专业园校合作实践教学模式的成效,以期对园校合作模式有一定的指导、借鉴作用。     

Elicited vs. voluntary promises

We set up an experiment with pre-play communication to study the impact of promise elicitation by trustors from trustees on trust and trustworthiness. When given the opportunity a majority of trustors solicits a promise from the trustee. This drives up the promise making rate by trustees to almost 100%. We find that elicited promises are more likely to be trusted than volunteered promises, but trustees who make an elicited promise are not more likely to be trustworthy than trustees who make a voluntary promise.     

泉州后农运经济效应影响研究

农运经济是一种长期效应，即“后农运效应”。举办农运会对泉州经济既产生诸如就业增长、GDP及相关经济增长及产业结构优化等正面影响，也产生低谷效应、挤出效应、虹吸效应等负面影响，只有会后充分发挥自身优势，才能促进经济的可持续发展。     

Inequality and public good provision: An experimental analysis

Recent studies report that economic inequality is associated with reduced government expenditures on social programs. Several prominent social scientists, including Putman (Putnam, R., 2000. Bowling Alone. Simon and Schuster, New York), attribute this to the detrimental “psychosocial effects” of group heterogeneity on cooperation. We test the hypothesis that inequality within a group reduces individual contributions in a public goods experiment. Unlike previous examinations of inequality and public good provision, we introduce inequality by manipulating the levels and distributions of fixed payments given to subjects. When made salient through public information about each individual's standing within the group, inequality reduces contributions to the public good for all group members.     

海合会国家主权财富基金的发展及其影响

海合会国家热衷于建立各类主权财富基金,他们在基金的管理、运作透明度、投资战略和模式等方面均具有鲜明的特色。在美国次贷危机后,这些基金在跨国投资方面表现更为积极,直接导致了投资接受国加强投资审查等限制性措施。投资接受国政策的演变以及2009年的迪拜债务危机对海湾国家主权财富基金未来发展均产生了深远的影响。     

论纳什均衡在制度建构中的意义

在博弈论制度分析和制度经济学的视角下，制度建构是以国家权力机关和政府为主体，在“制度安排”层面上的“制度变迁”中具有目的方向的制度创制过程。博弈论制度分析为我们提供了在动态环境中分析转型期国家制度变迁和制度建构的重要方法。运用博弈论制度分析的方法剖析制度建构问题，我们会发现纳什均衡在制度建构中的重要地位和特殊意义，这将有助于我们明辨制度建构的宗旨。而制度建构的宗旨就是要通过嵌入有效的赏罚机制打破原有恶性的纳什均衡建立良性均衡，在制度意义上将矛盾和冲突控制在秩序范围之内，使国家政治经济社会生活有序运行。