奥运会对男足运动员年龄限制问题研究

奥运会提倡的是“公平竞争”、“重在参与”，它是公平、平等、无歧视的象征。奥运会对参加比赛的运动员的资格基本上没有限制，但是却对参加奥运会男子足球比赛运动员进行年龄限制，排除23岁以上男足运动员参赛。做出这样限制规定的理由并非是缘于科学的依据和论证，而仅仅是因为国际足联为了保证世界杯成为全世界的硕级足球赛事，希望对奥运会足球运动员进行参赛资格限制以控制奥运会比赛的水平。根据国际人权法律文件以及奥运会相关文件的规定，这样的限制实质上是对23岁以上男足运动员平等人权的侵害，构成对这一群体的歧视。宣扬公平、平等的奥运会出现对参赛者的不平等对待、对参赛运动员进行歧视对待，这与奥运会的宗旨和精神是背道而驰的，不仅对运动员造成了伤害，也是对奥运会本身的伤害，而且也必将对体育运动领域的其它赛事产生不良的影响。     

伊朗与海合会成员国关系研究

伊朗与阿拉伯海湾合作委员会成员国是隔海相望的近邻,但地理位置的接近并未使双方成为好邻居、好伙伴,反而加重了海合会成员国对伊朗扩张野心的担忧。伊拉克战争后,原本由伊拉克和海合会联手制衡伊朗的"三角关系"被破坏,海湾局势随着伊朗的"被崛起"以及伊朗核问题的演变而面临深刻的变化。本文试图从伊朗的扩张意图和海合会成员国的担忧、海合会成员国遏制伊朗的战略以及目前双方较量的关键问题等方面,分析伊朗与海合会成员国之间的关系,并探讨这一关系的未来走向。     

现代奥林匹克运动对古希腊奥林匹克运动的继承与发展

现代奥林匹克运动在资本主义产生和发展的条件下兴起,于19世纪末出现在世界体育舞台之上.通过现代奥林匹克运动会与古希腊奥林匹克运动会的比较,分析其异同,力图对现代奥林匹克运动会的发展有一个全面的了解.     

青奥会对南京市民国际意识的影响探析

国际意识体现的是对国际事务的见解和对自身与世界关系把握的一种思维方式和价值取向,互动性、混合性、时代性和包容性是国际意识最显著的特征。青奥会与市民国际意识之间是一种互相促进的关系,政府可以通过教育、加强国际交往、有计划地引导媒体以及建立科学的考核体系来提升市民的国际意识,从而为青奥会的顺利举办创造良好的市民环境。     

LinkIT: A Ludic Elicitation Game for Eliciting Risk Perceptions

The mental models approach, a leading strategy to develop risk communications, involves a time‐ and labor‐intensive interview process and a lengthy questionnaire to elicit group‐level risk perceptions. We propose that a similarity ratings approach for structural knowledge elicitation can be adopted to assist the risk mental models approach. The LinkIT game, inspired by games with a purpose (GWAP) technology, is a ludic elicitation tool designed to elicit group understanding of the relations between risk factors in a more enjoyable and productive manner when compared to traditional approaches. That is, consistent with the idea of ludic elicitation, LinkIT was designed to make the elicitation process fun and enjoyable in the hopes of increasing participation and data quality in risk studies. Like the mental models approach, the group mental model obtained via the LinkIT game can hence be generated and represented in a form of influence diagrams. In order to examine the external validity of LinkIT, we conducted a study to compare its performance with respect to a more conventional questionnaire‐driven approach. Data analysis results conclude that the two group mental models elicited from the two approaches are similar to an extent. Yet, LinkIT was more productive and enjoyable than the questionnaire. However, participants commented that the current game has some usability concerns. This presentation summarizes the design and evaluation of the LinkIT game and suggests areas for future work.     

21世纪以来东南亚海盗的特点及惩治对策

21世纪以来东南亚海盗活动出现规模化、组织化且与恐怖分子相勾结特点,但海盗袭击事件有所减少,这与亚洲各国的努力密切相关。《亚洲打击海盗及武装抢劫船只合作协议》在海盗及武装抢劫船只的认定及合作机制方面的规定弥补了《海洋法公约》规定的不足。针对东南亚海盗活动的特点,应进一步在海盗的认定及合作机制方面进行完善。     

地缘政治视角下的国际河流合作——以中东两河为例

国际河流的地缘政治属性决定了国际流域国家之间必须采取合作的政策才能维持和促进地区安全,即使在那些各种矛盾集中的地区,国际河流水资源也在客观上成为国家间战争的阻却剂,起到了维持地区稳定大局的作用。土耳其、叙利亚、伊拉克处理两河问题的主要外交政策是这一观点的重要例证。国际河流合作不但是解决国际河流争端的最佳途径,而且还可以成为通往全面合作的桥梁。     

基于知识融合的水利工程硕士教育协同培养观

工程硕士教育是社会进步、时代发展、工程需要的产物,工程硕士的教育培养方法也必须紧跟社会需求。由于工程硕士主要来自于生产施工现场人员,有别于全日制的在校学生,对工程硕士协同各方资源进行知识融合教育显得尤为必要。     

发展中日关系的新功能主义尝试

近几年的中日关系一直都处于停滞甚至倒退状态,但这并不是两国国内大部分人所愿意看到的。尽管中日两国政府都力图发展双边关系,但日本国内的政治右倾化是破坏中日关系的一股强劲力量。因此,要发展中日关系,首先应该遏制住日本国内破坏中日关系的观念和行为,然后按照新功能主义的理论开拓两国合作的技术领域;在一个领域的合作成功之后,转向其它领域的合作,最终建立一种有效的合作机制,从而使得两国关系进入良性运转的轨道。     

On the Relation Between Trust and Fairness in Environmental Risk Management

In this study, we empirically examine the relations between trust, fairness, and cooperation within two environmental risk management contexts, one in which the focal issue is of high personal moral importance and the other in which the focal issue is of low moral importance. Using an experimental design embedded in two parallel survey questionnaires, one mailed to residents of Washington State, the other to German‐speaking residents of Switzerland, we either manipulated or constructed three factors, issue importance (high/low), procedural fairness (fair/unfair), and policy outcome (risk averse/risk accepting). This design enabled us to compare the predictions of the standard account of procedural fairness, that trust and cooperation are determined by judgments of fairness, with the predictions of an alternative account, that trust and cooperation will be determined by judgments of procedural fairness only when the issue involved is not morally important. Results for the American case showed that under conditions of high issue importance, policy outcome affected judged fairness, trust, and cooperation. Under conditions of low issue importance, policy outcome had no effect on judged fairness or trust but did have a moderate impact on cooperation. Analyses also showed that when issue importance was high, procedural fairness had no effects. When issue importance was low, procedural fairness had moderate effects on judged fairness and trust. Results for the Swiss case replicated the main findings for the American case. Together, these results support the alternative model of the relation between trust and fairness, suggesting that the efficacy of fair procedures is strictly limited.