Naming,Defining, and Classifying the Condition (Formerly?) Known as Mental Retardation

Abstract

Key controversies and diverse perspectives are summarized regarding terminology, definition, and classification issues in the field of mental retardation. Six questions are provided to guide consideration of critical issues. Conclusions are drawn and implications for professional practice are discussed.     

网络论争中的青年社会情绪及价值取向解读——以“上海地铁二运事件”为例

2012年,上海地铁第二运营有限公司发布的一条官方微博引发了广泛的网络论战。围绕"骚"与"扰"的问题,在政务微博的权威性与通俗性如何权衡、网络时代的社会公共服务管理应如何作为、权利的边界与自由的限度该如何界定、个性张扬与自由标榜中是否也存在着对他人人格与尊严的无视与冒犯、公序良俗与法律对社会秩序的维护起着怎样的作用等问题上所形成的话语盛宴,为我们提供了一个解读当下青年的社会情绪及价值取向的生动范本。     

新时期哈萨克族小说艺术表现手法的探索

进入新时期以来，哈萨克族小说家通过不断解放思想，努力吸收和借鉴中外小说界最新的创作经验和成果，开始进行了作品艺术表现手法方面的探索。新时期哈萨克小说在叙事模式、塑造人物形象、语言运用上表现手法有所丰富，地域和民族特色的表现有了更加宽广的视域。     

危重病性多发性周围神经病与肌病的临床及肌电图探讨

目的探讨危重病性多发性神经病与肌病的临床、电生理特点。方法对6例危重病性多发性神经病与肌病患者的临床资料、肌电图结果进行分析。结果患者均因严重感染等基础疾病转入ICU,均进行气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸,6例患者均出现四肢基本对称的肌力下降、感觉异常及腱反射减弱。肌电图结果示四肢周围神经的运动及感觉复合电位波幅明显下降或引不出,4例患者同时合并肌病样改变。结论危重病性多发性神经病与肌病是重症患者气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸后常见的并发症,电生理检查有助于本病的诊断,早期认识及治疗本病与预后关系很大。     

Resource smoothing: A cost minimization approach

From the available literature, there seems to be no defined approach to resource smoothing exercise except those attempted by Weist (1967, Management Science, 13, B359-B377) and Burgess and Killebrew (1962, Journal of Industrial Engineering, 13, 76-83). The aim of the smoothing exercise is to achieve optimal resource usage by avoiding high peaks and deep valleys in the project resource profile. The general approach has always been to move some activities with floats in the high peak regions to be started at a later date, and as this is done, the valleys will be filled to smooth the resource profile subject of course to time constraint. If this approach is followed as it is, it would be difficult to determine optimality especially when many resources are involved. A cost minimization approach is envisaged in the present study with no limitation on the number of resource inputs. In a situation where the resources are assumed to have the same value, the cost assigned to each of them should be similar. The method follows the general concept but with a difference; cost of the activity in question is considered. The exercise is continued until all the floats are exhausted. The optimum result would then be the one with the minimum cost profile. From examples used for the evaluation, the results obtained are comparable to those of the above two researchers, and some with better results in the majority of cases.     

Book Reviews

Critical appraisal of research studies forms a central role within the application and uptake of evidence‐based approaches within health and social care. While there are established checklists for evaluating quantitative research, this is not the case for qualitative research. This article outlines the process of developing an evaluative tool for qualitative studies, reflecting the uniqueness of the associated paradigm, and illustrates its use by reference to three qualitative research papers appraised within a systematic review of community‐based rehabilitation services. At its centre are concerns with the context of the study and the way the data are collected and analysed. Use of such an evaluative template opens the way for the quality of qualitative research to be judged in a systematic manner and for qualitative research to take its rightful place within debates over what works, where, when and how within health and social care policy and practice.     

Precise Simulated Percentiles in a Pinch

A percentile point simulation algorithm is presented. The algorithm is useful when computer storage and time considerations are at a premium. The algorithm employs various time- and storage-saving ideas, including a “pinching” mechanism that reduces the proportion of simulated values stored as the number of iterations is increased. Algorithm output includes a measure of precision as well as the simulated percentile point. The simulation can be stopped when the desired degree of precision has been attained.     

"九·一八"事变前东北地区华北移民离乡原因探析

华北向东北移民历史悠久 ,至“九·一八”事变前达到顶峰 ,成为“人类有史以来最大的人口移动之一”。本文运用比较丰富的中、日文资料 ,从自然、政治、经济、社会等方面 ,对移民离乡的原因重新进了全方位的考察 ,这对于了解 2 0世纪二、三十年代华北、东北的社会状况 ,无疑具有重大的意义     

现代教育技术环境下的“两课”教学模式

现代信息技术的飞速发展推动着现代教育技术的进步日新月异,改变着教学的方法、手段、模式、内容乃至转变着人们的教育思想、教育观念.因此,马克思主义理论课与思想品德课(以下简称"两课")教学面临重大变革,本文将讨论基于现代教育技术环境下的"两课"教学模式.     

对9.11事件后英国布莱尔政府“醒目”外交的一点思考

9.11事件之后英国外交表现出与美高度一致且行动频繁的特点,显得极为“抢眼”。这一现象,是英国利用现时期已经具备的内在(一定的实力准备)、外在(美国对合作者的主观需要,及英美特殊关系的客观存在)、历史条件(昔日帝国的“余辉”犹存),抓住突至的机遇(9.11事件发生),凭借英美特殊关系,以实现其具有历史继承性的“大国梦”的外交战略目标的必然表现。“抢眼”的外交活动虽令布莱尔受到世界瞩目,却难以真正帮助英国成为世界领导者,相反有导致英国国际声望下降的危险。