1900年清政府"对外宣战"说驳正

1900年6月21日清政府对外宣战的传统说法是错误的,没有根据的。6月21日慈禧以光绪皇帝名义下达给内阁的＂上谕＂,其实只是慈禧对清王朝内部关于＂和战剿抚＂问题争论的决断和表态,属于内部性质的谕旨。有人把它解读为＂宣战诏书＂是讲不通的。因为它既没有对外公开颁布,也没有送达任何国家政府或使臣,而且其措辞写法也根本不像宣战诏书的样子。因此,所谓清政府对外宣战的说法不能成立。实际上,在当时的中外媒体、有关的外交往来函电、列强的反应以及国际公法的视角中,也都找不到清政府对外正式宣战的证据。     

论张学良在西安事变和平解决中的地位和作用

西安事变的和平解决是促成蒋介石接受张、杨及中共抗日思想的关键.西安事变能够和平解决,真正起决定作用的是事变的主角张学良.在整个西安事变的发展过程中,张学良不仅是和平解决事变的倡导者,还是促进西安事变和平解决的实施者,张学良作为西安事变和平解决的主体地位以及发挥出的决定性作用,是应该给予充分肯定的.     

Evaluations of Social Work Education: A Critical Review

Since the introduction in England of the social work degree in 2002, there have been a number of significant changes to social work education culminating with the implementation of the Social Work Reform Board's innovations in 2013. This article critically explores the role of evaluations of changes in social work education and their implications for social work pedagogy. Evaluations can be linked to wider trends in society such as modernity, reflexive modernity, and the audit society. These wider influences affect the use of evaluations. A way forward for social work is proposed. Social work education needs to develop a critical pedagogy of hope to transform the profession's relationship not only to evaluations but to practise as well. The key message of this article is that evaluation studies of social work education mirror the underlying tensions of late modernity. Therefore, social work education needs to adopt a critical pedagogic approach to the use of evaluation research.     

The Struggle for the Soul of Social Work in England

There is a debate or struggle for the nature and future of social work in England. This tension is between a narrow or limited type of practice and a broader and emancipatory social work, grounded in the International Federation of Social Work and the wider conception of the profession in other European states. The limited model of social work seems to provide a dominant paradigm, which may result in the loss of a more visionary and humane social work. This is a qualitative study of an undergraduate social work programme in England. There were 48 participants, comprised of academics, students, service users and practice educators. Interviews and focus groups were used and a thematic analysis was undertaken. The key finding of this study is that the paradigm of state or statutory social work in England threatens to replace a broad conception of social work as understood in such definitions as the International Federation of Social Work and social work in other European states.     

The Integration of Personal and Professional Selves: Developing Students' Critical Awareness in Social Work Practice

How social work students incorporate personal and professional selves in the contexts of field education represents a cornerstone of effective and sustainable practice. This paper presents a qualitative component of a study that tracked 15 third-year bachelor of social work students across their first field placement to document their use of self, critical reflections and experiential learning. The project examined students' assessed ‘use of self’ assignments to understand their capacity for and development of critical awareness across this placement. Students were most articulate in being able to identify stressful situations that arose from placement in terms of what they were thinking (mind) and feeling (emotion) and to a much lesser extent to what they were sensing (body). Over time, students demonstrated a growing critical awareness to better identify and respond to their self-reported tensions. The findings provide developmental insights into how students integrate personal and professional selves and potentially shift from reflective and reflexive practices to incorporating praxis in their work. Through considering the linkages between self and practice, this paper explores student experiences whilst on placement and the associated developmental tasks of critical awareness.     

九一八事变后日本对黑龙江地区资源的掠夺

九一八事变后,日本侵略者以超经济的强制手段,对黑龙江地区的土地、矿产、森林资源进行了大规模的掠夺,造成了严重破坏,给广大中国农民和劳工带来了深重灾难。     

李敖与《胡适评传》

《胡适评传》一书 ,体现了李敖对胡适倡导的传记思想的理解 ,是李敖对胡适“新体传记”理论的大胆实践。他在作品中体现出来的细密宏阔的脚注叙述 ,展示出胡适成长的大背景 ,写出了那个时代的众生相 ;作品语言的简约含蓄 ,给读者留下了广阔的联想空间。作者摆脱了传统传记单纯评价传主的单一的审美规范 ,高屋建瓴 ,以巨大的叙事空间和含蓄的描述语言使作品充满了张力和厚重感 ,产生独具特色的艺术魅力     

基于认知分层理论的外语思辨能力研究

思辨能力培养是我国外语专业教学的薄弱环节,更是外语人才培养的软肋。外语专业教学必须以培养学生的思辨能力为导向,纠正影响思辨能力发展的外部因素。文章基于布鲁姆认知能力分层理论,以具体的写作课、语言学课、英语演讲课为例,从不同角度、不同内容和不同层次对思辨能力的培养纳入外语专业的教育过程进行了详实阐述,所以只有提升外语专业学生的思辨能力,才能提高外语人才的培养质量。     

中共西北特别支部与西安事变关系考

中共西北特别支部与西安事变有着密切的关系。西北特支成立于1936年2月。西北特支首先倡议西安事变,并建议于杨、动员于张,促其实现。西北特支开始隶属于中共上海军委留沪办事处,8月后才隶属于陕北中共中央,12月改组成中共陕西省委。     

论大学英语写作教学原则

本文着重探讨写作与批评性阅读之间的关系 ,认为在写作教学中通过批评性阅读培养学生的批评性语言意识是提高他们写作能力的一条重要原则。